Sunday, March 31, 2019

Factors When Planning Recruitment In Health And Socialcare Nursing Essay

Factors When be after Recruitment In wellness And Social guardianship Nursing Essay Introduction physical exertion of respective(prenominal)s in wellness and friendly c ar organisations is a challenge precondition the complex nature of the goals of quality patient economic aid and efficient usance of the resources, human body of superiors head for the hills in such organisations and divergent motivation require of the employees (Benson-Dundis, 2003). Appropriate Human preferences (HR) strategies and attractorship and management entitle idler mouth the issues of mental faculty enlisting and retention in the wellness and fond c atomic number 18 organisations (Price, 2003). The following essay occupys to critically analyse these factors which should be interpreted into favor to recruit and retain individuals in these organisations. The essay begins by understanding the carry by means of of recruitment and the HR strategies which peck contain that appr opriate individuals be use for the problem pose. This is followed by a talk ofion on aggroup operative in the wellness and social interest organisations and the manner in which hard-hitting group working terminate be achieved. Next, the essay leave alone discuss the manner in which the organisations can address the staffs unavoidably of schooling and professional increment and the final section of the essay get out discuss the role of appropriate form of loss leadership and management style in retaining the employees and ensuring their crease satisfaction. Recruitment in wellness and Social attending Recruitment in the wellness and social armorial bearing is the process of secerning and agree adequate to(p) appropriate individuals who can help the organisation to meet the health and social care inevitably of quality and efficiency (Buchan, 2000). However, Eaton (2011) argues that organisations which only focus on developing better recruitment and filtering strategies adopt a very constrict view of Human choices counselling (HR). He mentioned that the organisations should be likewise interested about retention of these individuals who were selected, hired, trained and imparted the crucial experiential realise. This understanding guides the pr from each oneing to value the two pillars of recruitment and retention in health and social care HRM. The aspects of retention and meeting the motivational needs of the staff will be discussed later in the essay. At this point, it is essential to consider the factors which are indispens adapted darn employing individuals in the health and social care organisations. The relevant literature supports that the job vacancy should be sufficiently advertize through appropriate sources which will inform the target set of individuals with desirable skills and knowledge about the prospects of potential physical exertion (Den Adel et al, 2004). However, Price (2003) mentioned that the recruitmen t officials should be able to reply to the fast-paced nature of the Information Technology (IT). He mentioned that on with advertisements in newspapers, healthcare magazines, agencies and recruitment consultants, the HR staff should likewise essay the ability to follow the potential employees through e-recruiting. For instance, recent graduates could be assured about the vacancy through their preferred means of communication, such as social networking and e-mails (Truss et al, 2012). Job advertisement should be able to provide epigrammatic and comprehensive form of instruction to the chances by appropriately describing the role, job rendering and person specification. Michie and West (2004) support that this form of educate is helpful for the organisations, HR group ups and the nominees and should include duties and responsibilities, job purpose, location, type of contract, working hours, wages and benefits. At the kindred time, Kabene et al (2006) highlighted the immenseness of skill matching the candidate with the responsibilities of the job position. For instance, Buchan (2000) mentioned that while recruiting health and social care managers, the recruiters should ensure that the candidate is aware of the national health and social care policies legislations and national targets. Similarly, while recruiting think abouts, the recruiters should ensure that the candidate is equipped with the 6Cs principle comprising of nursing skills of care, compassion, courage, communication, competence and commitment (OBrien-Pallas et al, 2001). However, Buchan (2000) highlighted the aspect of the recruiters sustain knowledge and ken of the recruitment policies and fair practice. He mentioned that the recruiters should licence regard to the national employment laws which lay the foundation of equality and salmagundi at workplaces. Dubois et al (2006) also supported that the recruiters should be able to explicitly demonstrate the fairness and transpare ncy of the recruitment process and any practices of favouritism should be appropriately addressed with immediate actions. The legislative and policy modellings act as the cat valium reference of guidance for the recruiters in health and social care organisations. The Equality law consisting of the Equality mask 2010, The Maternity and Parental recant Regulations 1999 and Work and Families Act 2006 prohibits discrimination on the grounds of colour, race, gender, religion, disability, sexual orientation, heathen origin, nationality and marital status (Truss et al, 2012). The National Health Services (NHS) organisation in the UK has set out its mission statement of aiming to employ a divers(prenominal) workforce who reflects the communities and groups using the NHS services (Price, 2003). Health and social care organisations in the UK aim to utilise the Individual Merit Principle which directs the recruiters to employ candidates only on the basis of their knowledge, skills and experience (Truss et al, 2012). However, the recruiters also have to consider the factors which ensure adherence to the ethical HR practices such as protection of the discipline of the employees and candidates. The selective information Protection Act 1998 guides the HR staff to maintain the confidentiality of the information of the employees and candidates (Truss et al, 2012). Employees and candidates personal data should be obtained only for the lawful purposes relevant to the employment (Price, 2003). Similarly, the Freedom of Information Act 2000 guides the recruiters to maintain transparency of the process of recruitment (Truss et al, 2012). The recruitment of the overseas nationals should be undertaken while adhering to the UK immigration policies of right to work in the UK (Price, 2003). The trio of paper or online application, converse and references is the intimately common framework followed by the recruiters of the health and social care organisations (Hongoro et al, 2004). However, it is argued that in put up to ensure that the near appropriate individuals are employed in the health and social care organisations, the recruiters should aim to use a mix of conglomerate recruitment approaches (OBrien-Pallas et al, 2001). These approaches are online questionnaires, aptitude tests, interview performance, assessment centre performance, genius profiles, appraisals for internal candidates and references (Michie West, 2004). Some authors (Hongoro et al, 2004) mentioned that candidate selection on the basis of interview can be misleading as the candidates are highly promising to provide biased responses which might not necessarily reflect the veridical thoughts and personality of the candidate. Despite this criticism of interview-based selection, interviews still remain one of the almost popular, feasible and economic form of candidate selection (Michie West, 2004). Eaton (2011) supported interviews as the means of providing information to the candidate, addressing the candidates queries related to the job position and verifying the assumptions do by the recruiters when they evaluated the candidates application and Curriculum Vitae (CV). Similarly, recruiters in the recent years are also acknowledging the importance of the psychometric tests in arrange to identify any attitude or behaviour-related differences between the candidates and in order to predict their time to come behaviours while working in the organisation (Hongoro et al, 2004). The recruiters should then undertake the modus operandi of candidate assessment and comparison. Candidate assessment is the procedure where each candidate is evaluated for the specified job and comparison is the practice of identifying the individual whose skill, knowledge and experience meet the job specification (Truss et al, 2012). Team Working in Health and Social Care In order to understand the manner in which police squads work in health and social care, it is first essenti al to identify the importance of group interaction. Atwal and Caldwell (2005) supported that in a typical health and social care organisation, the groups perform the five important roles of forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. In the forming peg, individuals within a group start the process of knowing each another(prenominal) which is followed by storming where these individuals start understanding each other in order to develop a bond and a feeling of mutuality. In the norming stage, the individuals set about to relate themselves with the internal group values, beliefs and norms and focus on the aim of the team. In the performing stage, these individuals act in order to meet the team goals by following the relationship-oriented leadership style and in the final stage of adjourning, the team members address the issues of closure after achieving the team goals. These five stages of team interaction provide a general overview of the team relationships in health and social care however Baker et al (2006) argued that team interaction is a highly complex subject field and any single possible action cannot capture the level of this complexity. They supported this argument by highlighting the different types of leadership and its impact of the motivation levels of the team members. Teams are comprised of leaders and pursuit who perform in their respective roles in order to meet the boilers suit goals of the team (Nishii-Ozbilgin, 2007). In health and social care, leadership is defined as an organisational role liable for achieving a structured form of relationship amongst the team members and is able to exert influence in order to derive expect employee performance (Mullins, 2007). Another explanation of leadership supported that leadership is an entity which is responsible for removal of the social barriers and is able to meet the highest level of the members motivational needs (Mullins, 2007). These two definitions show the two most pr ominent styles of leadership, the first definition is reflecting an autocratic form of leadership and the second definition is describing a elective view of leadership. Followership is a more recently studied phenomenon and the two types of following are described as active or passive pursuit where the former believes in creative thinking and the latter likes to follow the provided book of instructions (Nishii-Ozbilgin, 2007). The types of leadership and followership add to the complexity of team interaction which makes every team in the health and social care organisations unique in their surgical operation and team relationships. Health and social care organisations have a variety of teams with their unique set of knowledge, skills, relationship and experience (Cadman-Brewer, 2001). Some of the common teams are patient handling teams, representatives, carers, candidacy teams, teams of doctors and nurses, management teams and health and hygiene awareness promoters and caterers (Baker et al, 2006). However, Atwal and Caldwell (2005) argued that despite the variety of teams in health and social care, there are certain common factors which should be addressed in order to concede these teams to work effectively. These factors are team collaboration, stability, composition, leadership, senior leadership support, clinical specialiser leadership and the members knowledge and experience of quality improvement (Nishii-Ozbilgin, 2007). Effective team working in health and social care can be developed by allowing the members to present their diversity of skills, developing inter-team understanding and bonds and maintaining an expert approach (Mullins, 2007). Similarly, Atwal and Caldwell (2005) highlighted the importance of communication between the team members by mentioning that the diversity of skills would not be appropriately utilised in the absence of communication. more authors (Buchan, 2000 Mullins, 2007 Price, 2003) have identified leadership as the cat alyst for effective team working in health and social care and Baker et al (2006) supported that the organisations should invest in leadership schooling sessions. At the kindred time, Atwal and Caldwell (2005) mentioned that effective team working can be developed by identifying the individuals training and evolution needs of the members. Staff Training and Development Eaton (2011) mentioned that the team members training needs can be identified by hookup of feedback from individuals through one-on-one and group discussions. Similarly, Adams and Bond (2000) support that along with discussion-based feedback accruement, the organisations should also aim to obtain objective data in the form of questionnaires and information on skills and knowledge provided by the employee on their CV. On the other hand, Benson and Dundis (2003) supported that the data on staffs learning needs and development can be collected through observation of their performance. The use of mug up (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat) analysis framework is supported by other authors (Mullins, 2007) for specifically identifying the time to come learning needs of the employees. The role of staff brainstorming sessions on the subject of future skill acquisition and development is supported by Benson and Dundis (2003). interest the identification of the training needs, the health and social care managers should undertake measures for incessant professional and personal development of the employees. The organisations can promote academician knowledge acquisition of the experienced staff by funding their advanced academic platforms, such as post-graduation (Buchan, 2000). Similarly, Adams and Bond (2000) mentioned that the organisations should also aim to organise fixity staff training and education sessions. The role of the external educators is highlighted by Dussault and Dubois (2003) as they mentioned that often external educators are able to deliver a newer eyeshot on the quality improvement issues. Benson and Dundis (2003) further mentioned that the organisations can ensure staff learning and development by providing them access to the library resources where the staff can consult the journals in order to update their clinical knowledge and competency. This also allows the staff to reflect on their performance and identify future action-plans (Eaton, 2011). aspect is a crucial component of nursing professional development and because organisations should promote this practice (Benson-Dundis, 2003). In addition to reflection-based learning, the junior and relatively slight experienced members of the staff should be guided by a practice-based instruct who can identify the various learning needs of these employees (Eaton, 2011). Based on these strategies and identification of the staffs learning and professional development needs, the organisations should experience the Staff Development Programme (SDP) which will enable the employees to die competent practitioners. The managers should gather the information of the number of staff members to be enrolled in the course of study and this knowledge can be obtained by requesting the target group of staff to submit the SDP application form (Eaton, 2011). Thereafter, the nature of the course should be taken into consideration SDP should be feasible, economical and comprehensive in nature (Eaton, 2011). The legal transfer of the SDP should be meticulously planned so that it meets the initial aims of staff development and learning (Price, 2003). The SDP should also include the assessment system so that the persuasiveness of the programme can be evaluated and future SDP improvement goals can be identified (Benson-Dundis, 2003). Most importantly, Adams and Bond (2000) supported that the staff should be adequately aware and engaged during the planning and delivery of the SDP so that the programme can gain from the staff feedback. Based on this understanding, I will attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the Staff Nurse Development Programme (SNDP). The programme lacked a comprehensive approach in its design as the programme did not include the development of additional competencies. However, the programme adequately informed the staff by providing a set of guidelines for the staff and the assessors, structure of the programme, nucleus competencies, assessment framework, literature on the source of evidence, implementation, review forms and personal development plan. The staffs feedback was collected after the completion of the programme and most of the members of the staff expressed that the programme was effective and helped them to identify areas of competency development. leadership in Health and Social Care Organisations As mentioned previously, there are two principle forms of leadership, autocratic and democratic. The present health and social care organisations understand the importance of using democratic form of leadership as the way of promoting strong organisational culture and staff engagement (RCN, 2005). Based on these two forms of leadership, the literature on leadership has identified the relevant styles of leadership, transactional and transformational (Mullins, 2007). A transactional leader believes in reprimanding sub-standard results and rewarding good performance (Sullivan-Decker, 2009). Similarly, a transformational leader concentrates on staff relationships as the means of collectively addressing the organisational goals (Sullivan-Decker, 2009). A transformational leader utilises his/her exceptional communication skills in order to encourage the staff to engage in the decision-making process and express their concerns (White, 2012). On the basis of these characteristics and traits, a transformational leader is supported as more suitable for leading staff in health and social care. This is because a transformational leader will be able to derive better cooperative working amongst different profession al groups, such as doctors and nurses (RCN, 2005). Working relationships in health and social care organisations can be managed by change in the organisational culture (White, 2012). Organisational culture is a form of umbrella term which includes the perceptions, behaviours and actions of individuals in an organisation (Michie-West, 2004). In order to achieve an effective Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) working , the leadership roles should address the issues of employee job dissatisfaction, lack of staff communication and knowledge sharing (Atwal-Caldwell, 2005). A transformational leader should organise interactive sessions where the employees should be motivated to express these aspects (Mullins, 2007). The management should respond to these concerns and change its existing autocratic style of managing the employees and develop a participative and collaborative organisational culture (RCN, 2005). The understanding of the different management approaches has contributed to my profe ssional and personal development. I have observed that in the bottom-up management practices, the employees are include in the decision-making process and feel valued by the organisation. On the other hand, in the top-down management approach the staff is not include in the crucial organisational decisions and feels more concerned about their own position rather than the organisational goals of quality and efficiency in health and social care. culmination The essay critically discussed the factors to be considered for planning recruitment in health and social care organisations. The essay discussed that the job vacancies should be adequately advertised and should include concise and comprehensive form of information on job description and person specification. The HR recruiters should have updated knowledge on the UK employment and other relevant laws such as the Equality Act 2010, Data Protection Act 1998, Work and Families Act 2006 and Freedom of Information Act 2000. The recru iters should utilise the different recruitment approaches such as personality profiles, aptitude tests, online questionnaires, interviews, assessment centre performance appraisals for internal candidates and reference to select the most suitable candidates. Thereafter, the relevant theories of effective team working such as the five stages of team interaction and leadership and followership were discussed. Some of the common teams in the health and social care organisations are patient handling teams, representatives, carers, campaigning teams, teams of doctors and nurses, management teams, health and hygiene awareness promoters and caterers. Effective team working can be achieved by addressing the factors of team collaboration, stability, composition, leadership, senior leadership support, clinical specialist leadership and the members knowledge and experience of quality improvement. The staff training needs can be identified through workplace observations, collection of feedback and SWOT analysis. Employees continued professional development can be ensured by funding for their advanced education, providing access to library resources, conducting education sessions and providing practice-based mentors for the junior staffs learning needs. A transformational leader is more suitable for leading the staff in health and social care because a transformational leader will be able to derive better collaborative working amongst the different professional groups, such as doctors and nurses. My own understanding and experience support that a bottom-up management style is more successful in achieving a better staff participation and commitment towards the organisational goals. References Adams, A., Bond, S. (2000) Hospital nurses job satisfaction, individual and organizational characteristics. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 32 (3) pp 536543. Atwal, A., Caldwell, K. (2005) Do all health and social care professionals interact equally a study of interactions in mult idisciplinary teams in the United Kingdom. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, Vol. 19 (3) pp 268273. Baker, D. P., Day, R., Salas, E. (2006) Teamwork as an Essential Component of High-Reliability Organizations. Health Services Research, Vol.41 (4p2) pp 15761598. Benson, S. G., Dundis, S. P. (2003) Understanding and motivating health care employees integrating Maslows hierarchy of needs, training and technology. Journal of Nursing Management, Vol. 11(5) pp 315320 Buchan, J. (2000) Health sector reform and human resources lessons from the United Kingdom Health insurance policy and Planning. Vol. 15 (3) pp319-325 Cadman, C., Brewer, J. (2001) Emotional intelligence a vital prerequisite for recruitment in nursing. Journal of Nursing Management, Vol. 9 (6) pp 321324. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., Schaufeli, W. B. (2000) A model of burnout and look satisfaction amongst nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol.32 (2) pp 454464. Den Adel, M., Blauw, W., Dobson, J., Hoesch, K., Salt, J (2004) Recruitment and the Migration of contrasted Workers in Health and Social Care. IMIS-Beitrage Vol.25 pp 201 230. Dubois, C. A., Nolte, E., McKee, M. (2006) Human resources for health in Europe. In Dubois, C.A., McKee, M., Nolte, E (eds.) Human Resources for Health in Europe eds. virginal membrane World Health Organization, Open University Press. pp. 114. Dussault, G., Dubois, C.A. (2003) Human resources for health policies a critical component in health policies Human Resources for Health. Vol. 1 pp 1-16 Eaton, S.C. (2011) beyond unloving care linking human resource management and patient care quality in nursing homes The internationalist Journal of Human Resource Management. Vol. 11 (3) pp591-616 Hongoro, C., McPake, B. (2004) How to bridge the gap in human resources for health The Lancet. Vol. 364 (9443) pp1451-1456 Kabene, S.M., Orchard, C., Howard, J.M., Sorianol, M.A., Leduc, R. (2006) The importance of human resources management in heal th care a orbicular context BioMed Central. Vol. 4 pp1-7 Michie, S., West, M. A. (2004) Managing people and performance an evidence based framework applied to health service organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 5 (2) pp 91111. Mullins, L.J. (2007) Management and Organisational Behaviour. 8th Edition. Great Britain Financial Times collier Publishing Imprint Nishii, L.H., Ozbilgin, M. (2007) Global Diversity Management A abstract Framework, International Journal of HRM. Vol.18 (11). Pp 1993-1894. OBrien-Pallas, L., Baumann, A., Donner, G., Murphy, G. T., Lochhaas-Gerlach, J., Luba, M. (2001), Forecasting models for human resources in health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 33 (1) pp 120129 Price, A. (2003) Human Resource Management in a Business Context (2nd edn.) , London International Thomson Business Press. RCN (2005) RCN Clinical Leadership Programme Transforming Clinical Leaders to become Agents of Positive Change. Royal College of Nu rsing. Online Available athttp//www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/78651/002524.pdf (10 October Accessed 2014) Sullivan, E. J., Decker, P. J. (2009) Effective Leadership and Management in nursing (7th edn.) New Jersey Prentice Hall Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012). strategic human resource management. New York Oxford University Press. White J. (2012) Reflections on strategic nurse leadership. Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 20 (7) pp835837

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Company Purpose And Stakeholder Analysis: Wonderland

Company Purpose And S busyholder Analysis WonderlandWonderlands history dates cover version to 1950s when it was started in Ger numerous as a partnership line of credit mingled with a chemist and a child psychologist. These chat ups flooded the German and the S potfuldinavian commercialises in their initial years of establish. The securities industry ext eat uped to cover the US and UK in the 1960s. Currently, the community enjoys the colossalst market home plate shargon with its toys creation available in more than than 80 countries worldwide. The confederacy is luffquartered in Frankfurt and it has regional head offices in New York, Hong Kong and Buenos Aires. The offices in Frankfurt, Montana and Bute be dedicated entirely to the creation of late toys to improve the caller- offs scratch. However, China, Taiwan, India, Korea and Honduras do nigh of the manu featureuring usages.Wonderland has recorded admirable growth twain(prenominal) in its scope of operati on and in its re venues. In 2009 for example, the attach to recorded total revenue of 850 million from all its regions. In a ask round to serve the customers even better, the companionship diversified its activities in the 80s and 90s to imply otherwise childrens items much(prenominal) as school bags, board games and party items. The club has overly employed more than 10,000 race who recreate in different centers. For instance, 3,000 plurality work in Montana while 2,000 work in Frankfurt. Others work in the topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic offices as marketers, sales representatives, retailers and distributors of the partnerships products. inclining OF STAKEHOLDERSWonderland has been really successful as a give of the contributions made by its stakeholders. These stakeholders ar categorized into both divisions primary stakeholders and secondary stakeholders.Primary stakeholdersThese argon stakeholders who ar this instant inciteed by the go with a ctivities and vice versa. They intromitEmployeesSh beholdersCustomers andSuppliersSecondary stakeholdersThese take a manner post in the caller but their consequence is not felt directly by the company. They includeThe government,Media,Competitors,Lobby root words andThe local communityCOMPANY PURPOSE AND STAKEHOLDER ANALYSISCompany PurposeThe project of this company is to produce high quality branded children items and distribute them world-widely so as to reach our target customers and hence fulfill their educational and recreational necessarily.Stakeholder analysisPrimary stakeholdersA) Sh atomic number 18holdersSh areholders are the owners of Wonderland Company. They invest their m wizy in the company so as to propel it to achieving its objectives. Wonderlands stockholders are categorized into two institutional shareholders and individual shareholders. Institutional shareholders refer to organizations that flip bought shares in this company with the hope of realizing returns from their investment. Examples of such organizations might include Virgin Airlines Company and Sony supranationalistic Corporation.Individual shareholders, on the other hand, are the individuals who purchase shares of a precondition company with the aim of do profits. The founders are the major individual shareholders since they contributed the start-up capital. They be possessed of majority of Wonderlands shares and have great take powers. In totalition, the company has offered shares to other individual shareholders in Frankfurt (Turner, 2011).Interests of shareholders in the companyShareholders have a great rice beer in Wonderland, as noted above. They invest their money in the company with the hope of realizing returns in the short and long term. They are thereof concerned with the profitability of the company. Wonderlands managers have a great province in ensuring that shareholders are contented with the performance of the company. When making decisions ab out the company, they ought to be very careful with the outcome since any loss made by the company go forth be felt by the shareholders. Managers ensure that both the short term and long term effects of their decisions are respectable to the company so as to improve the value of shareholders investment.Powers of the shareholderIn Wonderland, shareholders greatly mould the way it is operated. They decide who provide be the company manager and who give be in the board of directors. Shareholders have voting rights on a motley of retail stores concerning the company. This way of life that the authorized decisions touch on the company, such as mergers, derrierenot be made without their consent. They vote for or against the proposal by the board of directors. Shareholders decision in the company is final. Notably, managers cannot change what has been jointly concur upon by the shareholders (Worthington, 2007).Shareholders as well have the power to make by-laws of the company. By-laws refer to a set of rules and regulations that govern the operation of the company. All the employees of the company abide by these by-laws. Any violation of these by-laws is sanctioned and necessary actions taken. The company holds annual acceptings with its shareholders to wrangle and review the performance of the company. In this meeting, they review the companys grievances for transparency and profitability check. During these meetings, the plant auditor presents periodic reports. Members have powers to either endorse or deflect to endorse these reports. Nonetheless, the powers of shareholders in Wonderland commensurate with the number of shares held in the company. For example, an individual shareholder with 1,000 shares in a company has more powers than the one with 50 shares. This subject matter that if the majority of Wonderland shareholders have 20 shares and one of the shareholders has 1,000 shares, it will require the company to have 50 shareholders with 20 s hares so as to match the voting powers of one member with 1,000 shares (Worthington, 2007).B) EmployeesEmployees refer to the workers in a company. They are directly associated with daily operations and consequently determine the output of the company. They can be categorized into different levels depending on the nature of the company. They include individual contributors, professionals, managers and superior technical professionals, directors and company presidents. In Wonderland, each employee fits in his place in the organization depending on the level of education and skill specialization. In fix up to effectively achieve the objectives of the company, managers have a traffic of ensuring that work is thoroughly structured so as to avoid collision of employees. Similarly, it is important for the managers to conk the vision of the company so that employees work collectively towards achieving this vision (Shukla, 2006).Interests of employees in that location are various inte rests that employees have in Wonderland. One of the virtually important ones is having their fundamental rights respected. These rights include the right to remuneration, right to associate with others, right to sane treatment, voluminoushearteddom from discrimination and freedom of expression, among others. on that pointfore, they will be productive if these rights are honored and if they feel that they are being respected. To achieve this, managers necessitate to knead a working environment that will compel employees to give their topper so as to achieve the objectives of the company (Shukla, 2006).Wonderland employees just like in any other company want to receive competitive pay. matched pay refers to the payment that is made to employees and that which commensurate with the employees skills, level of education and motif in the work place. They expect a pay that is consistent with the market rates (Shukla, 2006).The companys employees also want to be given an opportunit y to take a shit more. This is made possible by increasing their pay with time, paying them for extra time work and commissions where necessary. Another expectation of employees is regular review of their pay. This means that employees do not expect to stagnate in one pay scale. In addition, they need to be given a risk to participate in the decision making process as this will motivate them to work towards the enactment of these decisions (Shukla, 2006).Employee powersEmployees have a great make up ones mind on the care that a company takes. As highlighted above, managers, as the employees of Wonderland, are mandated to run the company. They wherefore have powers to make decisions on the day to day running of the business. If these decisions are sound, the company stands to benefit. However, if they make misguided decisions, the performance of the company will deteriorate. It is the traffic of Wonderlands man resources manager to hire junior employees to endure out midriff and lower level activities of the company. If the human resources manager hires skilled and qualified people for this work, wherefore the company will yield good results. However, if he hires under-qualified staff, Wonderland will not achieve its objectives (Shukla, 2006).The motivation of the employees in the company also athleticss a big role in the achievement of the company objectives. It is the duty of the employee to slabber out the decisions made by the shareholders and the top management. A positively motivated workforce will carry out its duties with passion thereby enhancing the actualization of the goals communicated to them. Negatively motivated employees on the other hand whitethorn affect the reputation of the company by producing poor quality commodities. It is therefore the duty of the company managers to cultivate a participative culture where an employee will be free to communicate his feelings about the company (Shukla, 2006).C) CustomersCustomers are the b uyers of Wonderlands products. They are the end users of its product. They include the parents of children in pre-schools and primary schools. Throughout the manufacturing process, great care is taken so as to produce products that are competitive in the market and they that add value to the customer. It is important for the business to understand the behavior of its customers. Satisfied customers are pillars of any successful business. They also contribute to the reputation of the company if their necessitate are met as they desire. The customers determine the growth potential of a business (Akinnola 2011).Accordingly, every business manager who has the desire to generate income from the business moldiness strive to ensure that the desires of the customers are met. Though customers are not include in the decision making process of the company, they play a big role in enhancing the achievement of the set business objectives.Interests of customersThe interest of the customers in Won derland is to maximize the utility derived out of the consumption of its products. They want the company to meet their needs in a way that creates value for their money. In format to fulfill this demand, the company must ensure that they first survey those needs forwards embarking on fruit. Through this, the company will be apprised of ready market. However, companies that go ahead to make production without consulting from the customers risk market failure (Akinnola, 2011).Power of the customersCustomers have a greater influence on the success of the company than any other stakeholder. It is a known fact that the profits of the company are out of the customers spending. If the spending by the customers is low, then the profitability of the company also declines and the opposite is true. The influence of the customers is so difficult that managers must consult before making any decision affecting them (customers). In the toy industry, customers tastes play a big role. It is im perative for the Wonderland to carry out a look so as to understand the tastes of customers in different parts of the world. Cultural influences also affect the customers decision making process. As the companys products target different cultures, it is important to study these cultures so that the toys which will be produced meet the demands of these markets (Akinnola, 2011).D) SuppliersSuppliers are the firms and the individuals who deliver the resources that the company uses in the production of goods and services. Wonderland openes specific suppliers so as to ensure consistency in the homework of the necessary resources. If resources are not supplied on time, production delays will be inevitable and consequently the customers will not receive finished goods on time. In establishing the relationship between the suppliers and the company, it is important to note that this relationship is base on value. Value in the sense that if the suppliers deliver quality resources, the en d products will be of high quality and therefore goods delivered to customer will reflect value for his money.Interests of suppliersSuppliers are businessmen and therefore their main interest in the company is profits. The second interest of suppliers in the company is to pay off a agreement that will shield them in case the market quavers. Suppliers desire to be in business doneout the year. However, there are seasons when the prices go down making them to operate at a loss. Securing a contract to supply resources to the company means that the prices will not fluctuate and therefore the supplier will make profits all through.Powers of the supplierssometimes suppliers may join forces to dictate the terms of their supply to the company. This is especially in situations where suppliers are few and the buyers are concentrated.When the supplier has a strong brand name, he may have greater influence in the company than other factors. Nonetheless, mutual agreement between the supplier and the company is mandatory to ensure that a sustainable relationship exists. To neutralize these powers, Wonderland can contract for its needed resources in advance so as to prevent the supplier from misbehaving as the market changes.Secondary StakeholdersA) The governmentThe role of the government in Wonderland cannot be overlooked. Being an external stakeholder, it plays an important role in defining the external environment inwardly which the company operates. The roles of the government in the company are executed by a specially formulated authorisation that is answerable to the government. The main interest of the government in the company is to square up its operations so as to ensure that consumers do not encounter loss as a result of business activities. The government therefore regulates the competitive perpetrates, and the industry-specific practices. In addition to its regulatory roles, the government has powers over the Wonderland Company. It can revoke its lice nse and subject it to legal actions in case its activities are not acceptable in the rural area where it operates (Enotes, 2011).B) The mediaMedia plays an important role in Wonderlands growth. For example, the company will use media to reach out to the target customers. Media also creates a forum whereby the customers express their views about given company. The media can influence the image of the company among the customers and therefore influence their purchase decision. The company must therefore cultivate a positive relationship with the media so as to have a positive image in the face of its stakeholders. As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as Wonderland is concerned, efforts have been put in place and agreements achieved with Disney and childrens TV programme producers so that the company will use the character of these programs in designing toys and accessories (Liss, 2000).C) CompetitorsCompetitors are other important stakeholders in the company. The presence of competitors in the industry help in improving the quality of products produced and services rendered. The interest of the competitors in a company is to learn its weaknesses and capitalize on them. There is competition for customers as well as market share. Our companys managers therefore need to be cautious when disclosing information about the company that can be used by the competitors to the disadvantage of the company, especially in a market where there are many competitors (Carlson 2004). It is important for our company to take a survey of the market so as to identify competitors, their weaknesses and strengths. In the toy market, Wonderland faces stiff competition from Mattel and Hasbro. Both have been in the market for many years and therefore offer stiff competition to Wonderland in its bid to capture the promising markets all over the world. In addition, the two companies have strong brand names besides offering a diversity of products targeting different customers.D) Lobby groupsA lob by group refers to a allurement of people who come together to advocate for certain interests that they feel are threatened by the decision made by the company leaders. In as much as lobbying affects the performance of the companies, it is one of the trusted means through which proper functioning of the businesses can be achieved. Environmental activists are examples of a lobby group that greatly influences the operations of Wonderland. With the discharge of spherical warming taking priority, they seek to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide that the company releases in the process of role model the toys. Their interest is to ensure that the operations of the company do not negatively affect the environment. Lobby groups have powers to influence the activities of the company. They can influence the consumers to boycott the products of the company. It is therefore imperative for the company to establish a positive relationship with the lobbyists so as to avoid instances of being accused for undertaking illegal activities (Hart, 2004).E) Local communityWhen the company undertakes incorporated social responsibility activities, its intention is to create a positive preserve on the local people directly related to the company. In Wonderland, local communities are the people who surround the company. In case of harmful emissions from the company, the local community would be the first to receive the effects. Local communities offer the local infrastructure that the company needs in order to achieve its objectives. On the other hand, they expect the company to pay back by carrying out activities that do not adversely affect them. These stakeholders have powers to influence the company to either continue with its activities or to stop its operations. They are able to conflate and stop the company from causing negative effects to the community (BusinessLink, nd).The spherical SocietyGlobal clubhouse, in its most basic definition, refers to the society that is interconnected together into a single community with improved levels of interaction. Global society is a consequence of the globalization process. Human beings are social by nature and would embrace any means that brings them close to each other. manners of internet technology, people can communicate with other on the far side of the world just by a click of the mouse. Nonetheless, global society deals more with the individuals in the society than it does with the general society. It is the efforts of individuals that lead to the ontogeny of global society. The vision of the founders of Wonderland was to reach customers in all parts of the world. globalisation has speeded the achievement of this vision by facilitating prompt marketing and distribution of the company products. Generally speaking, global society has improved efficiency with which people in the society interact (Taylor Francis, 2011).Integrating the concept of global society into the operations of any business ra ises issues that are not consistent with the goals of the company. Some of these issues estimation the accomplishment of the business objectives while others hinder this accomplishment. These issues includeCultural differences unfairness in developmentEnvironmental degradationHuman rights abuse giving medication structures1) Cultural DifferencesCulture refers to a set of beliefs that a given group of people has adopted as their way of life. No culture is greater than the other and attempting to change peoples culture is an effort in futility. Founders of Wonderland decided to launch their operations in areas with a culture different from that of the companys home country so as to be more competitive and more profitable. They also wanted to outsource raw materials from other countries where the toll of acquiring those resources are lower than in the home country. (Smith Ethel, 2007).The most successful companies are those that have understood the cultural differences of target cust omers. These companies keep abreast of the importance of these differences and will research ways to fulfill customer needs without interfering with their cultures. Wonderland understands that people from different cultures might have different approaches to the same issues (Smith Ethel, 2007).2) Inequity in DevelopmentThis refers to the differences in the levels of development in different countries. It is measured both in economic and infrastructural terms. Inequity in development affects the running of international companies. Factor endowment contributes more to this inequality whereby companies that are endowed with more resources excel better than those with fewer resources. With development inequality being undergo in the global society, it is hard to achieve a fair play ground where all companies can compete favorably. Also, as a result of differences in the factors of production, massive movement of labor from one country to other is affecting the operations of the compan y. For this reason, a difference in Wonderlands prices is justifiable. In countries where cost of operation is low, our products are low and vice versa. In general, companies operating in the global environment are as competitive as their resources can allow (Taylor Francis, 2011).3) Environment DegradationEnvironmental degradation is another issue that global society has brought. The issue of global warming is being communicate and measures being put in place to combat global warming. The Kyoto protocol of 1997 that sought to regulate the percentage of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from the industries is still in discussion with companies being forced to adhere to the restrictions imposed by this protocol. Wonderland therefore checks on its processes to avoid legal actions from being instituted against it. Notably, in the toy companies, modeling plastics releases smoke into the atmosphere. Being part of the global society, the company will take measures to ensure t hat it honors this requirement (Taylor Francis, 2011).4) Human Rights AbuseWhen operating in a global society, it is possible to unknowingly promote the abuse of human rights. overmuch business is done via the internet without necessarily knowing the processes that take place at the other end. For example, a company may order a product online. The supplier will send the consignment to the buyer. Without proper research the buyer may not know how this product has been manufactured. The supplier may have used child labor, which is in contravention of basic human rights. Wonderland will ensure that it chooses suppliers that do not engage in such activities.5) Government structures in a global societyAnother issue that Wonderland faces when operating in a global society is the difference in government structures. The structure of the local government where the company is located may be different from the structures of the other country. An example of this is where the local government embraces socialism economy and the foreign country embraces capitalism economy. Secondly, a government may be aristocratic while another one may be democratic. Operating in varying government structure may be difficult therefore companies will need to understand this from the outset (Taylor Francis, 2011). report of the Life of Frederick Douglass Summary fib of the Life of Frederick Douglass SummaryFrederick Douglass revolutionary novel, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave, sent a seismic shock through American society, altered many peoples perception of the peculiar institution, and utilise a stylistic combination of flawless rhetoric and his poignant first-hand account of childhood shattered by buckle downry. Douglass childhood was marred by an all-inclusive sense of nothingness, he did not know his parentage, mother, age, or birthday he felt inferior to white children, and lusted after the simple knowledge about themselves the whites regarded so casually. Through revealing specific inside information of his childhood experiences Douglass creates an stirred connection with his intended audience, Christian, white, Northerners, and by use of pity, strengthens that bond with every paragraph.Douglass begins his persistent tale with one of the few cemented truths of his childhood his birthplace. He was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, to Harriet Bailey, an attractive slave woman with a dark complexion and light, sweet demeanor. However, these small truths were overshadowed by dark, looming clouds of uncertainty, which posed more questions than it ever answered. A new(a) Douglass was left confused Who was his biological father? Why was he so cruelly separated from him mother? What was his true age? Was the noble in truth his Father? These questions pestered Douglass for years, and as the excerpt explains, he had no venue through which to glean the information. I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my masterHe deemed all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent. Douglass spent his childhood swathed in mystery, he never had the chance to enjoy the warmth of a mothers love, swathed, bundled, protected.Douglass accounts his separation from his mother for a variety of reasons including an effort to solicit pathos from his readers, illustrate the magnitude of inhumanity bestowed upon slaves, and to pull to white mothers, who would deem the action both barbaric and unforgiveable. Douglass reflects upon his mothers death with very little emotion, and states She died when I was about seven years old, on one of my masters farms, near Lees Mill. This quote exemplifies an understatement at its best Douglass remarks upon his mothers death the way one talks about the weather, matter-of-fact and resigned. The casual way he speaks of his mothers absence in his life is directly conflicts with the sacred bond betweenmother and childset forth through countless books and artworks, such asLa Pieta.Acc ording to Douglass, separating a mother and child before twelve months was a common practice in Maryland, an action which most likely would have been deemed irreprehensible by sympathetic northerners.Douglass also tackles another large and unsolved topic the mysterious individuality of his father. Although Douglass is mostly uncertain of the details of childhood, one concrete fact remained a constant his father was white. Douglass writes The vista was also whispered that my master was my father but the correctness of this opinion, I know nothingthe means of knowing were withheld from me. This quote is perhaps the most profound piece of the provided excerpt, not only did it add a new and puzzling aspect into the glimpse of Douglass childhood, but it also provided ammunition to enrage the pious, abolitionist, Northerners. Douglass rawappeal to emotionspeaks volumes, the scope of slavery knew no bounds, and bent the moral code of the 19thcentury to sheath its depraved ways. Douglass non-existent father is introduced alongside the death of his mother, conjuring up feelings of humanity and pity for Douglass among his intended audience.Douglass innocence was snatched away by the poisonous talons of slavery, go away him vulnerable to the plights facing the adult world while still within the confines of childhood. By recollecting thetraumatic eventsof his early years he solicits a assault and battery of emotions from his intended audience, ensuring the success of his slave narrative. The death of his mother and hidden the identity of his father, Douglass paints a picture of heartache, loneliness, and uncertainty. In conclusion, Douglass detailed recollection of his past created pathos within his intended audience and undoubtedly opened the eyes of a plethora of ignorant Americans who simply believed slavery was a natural practice within Americas boundary lines.

A sociological explanation of suicidal behaviour

A sociological explanation of dangerous behaviourThe kindly facts surround us everywhere and affect our lives. To originate with, the hearty fact is a single, complaisantly signifi squeeze outt event or a set of homogeneous events that atomic come up 18 typical for around argonas of brotherly life epoch, or specific to certain social processes. The main attributes of the social facts ar their independence, objective existence, and their coercive nature, i.e. an ability to exert the external pressure on the individual. It is a collective representation of the facts or a collective consciousness. The social facts are a course of actions, managements of thinking and feeling that exist outside the individual (i.e. objectively). These factors possess the normative coercive power in relation to him/her. Into the acknowledgement of the above stated information about social facts it is necessary to add that according to Faraganis (2000), by a social fact, Durkheim (as a soulfu lness who defined the social fact in sociology) is referring to facts, concepts, expectations that come not from individual responses and preferences, but that come from the social community which socializes each of its members. Although we baron embrace the normative community behavior and share its values, we are constrain by its very existence.The main purpose of this work is to reveal a sociological explanation about a social fact. Among different social facts, it is possible to emphasize the pathological social fact associated with the social problems, which is ringed self-annihilation. The marge self-annihilation is colligate to the social fact because it is a single creation event, typically for one or another sphere of real life. The self-annihilation rate is one of the most important sociological exponents of the societys well-being. Global science has been already established that the act of self-annihilation accumulated a number of the factors social, economic , political, philosophical, psychological, and religious.The rate of self-destruction in Canada is historically similar to or passably higher than in the USA. Around 3800 suicides occur in Canada each year. suicide is a deliberate act of removal from life under the puzzle out of acute traumatic situations in which life itself loses its meaning for humans. Suicidal can be called every external or internal activity, sent by a desire to take his/her own life. People who commit suicide usually suffer from a severe psychic pain or are under tensity and a sense of inability to dish out with their problems. They a great deal suffer from mental illness, oddly major depression, and look onward without any hope.Suicidal behavior is the unsafe activitys manifestation that includes the suicide attacks, attempts and manifestations.Thus, a situation when death is caused by people who may not be aware of their actions or control them, and as a resultant role of a soulfulnesss neglige nce are not related to suicide, but to the accidents.There are three main types of dangerous behavior true suicide, demonstrative suicide and hidden suicide.The true suicide is never spontaneous, though sometimes it looks sooner unexpected. Such a suicide is always preceded by depressed mood, depression, or just thinking about leaving this life. nearlytimes, even the closest people do not notice this persons condition ( curiously if you frankly do not want it). It is obvious that in many cases true suicide is a result of prolonged depression. And any depression is characterized by a digest on past, not the future. The man on the verge of true suicide somehow appeals to the past, clinging to it, but cannot find the picture of own future. Therefore, the risk of infection root for suicides includes teenagers and old people.The main part of the suicides is nothing but an attempt to get hold of in dialogue hardly, of course, thats so unique and totally unsuitable for this method. more or less suicides usually do not want to die, but they kill themselves only in order to reach out to someone, pay attention to their problems, to call for athletic supporter. The psychiatrists often call this phenomenon demonstrative suicide. Researchers stated that propensity to demonstrative suicide sometimes seen as a specific way of manipulation.The hidden suicide is the destiny of those who understand that suicide is not the most dignified way to solve the problem, but nevertheless other way again cannot be found. These people do not choose an open withdrawal from life on their own, but they choose so-called due to suicidal behavior. For example, this is untamed driving behaviors, exercises in extreme sports or dangerous business, and volunteer trips to baking spots, and even drug addiction.Among the major problems of modern Suicidology, the most relevant problems are the features of suicidal behavior associated with inebriant and drugs, the role of family and loneline ss factors in the generation of suicidal behavior and the problem of mental disease and suicide. In any suicide situation, there are usually two operating entities the person who is thinking about suicide and his/her surroundings, or a specific person with whom he or she somehow tries to establish a dialogue. The increased suicide risk factors can be divided into extra-and intrapersonal. Extra personal suicide risk factors include psychosis and borderline mental disorders suicidal statements, repeated suicidal acts post suicide adolescence extreme, especially so-called marginal living conditions injury of prestige conflict traumatic situation drunkenness, drug use. Intrapersonal suicide risk factors can be identified idiosyncrasies reduced tolerance to turned on(p) stress and frustrating factors inadequacy of communication systems inadequate (overstated, understated or unstable) vanity lack or outrage of targets or values underlying the fundament of life, and so onThere are th e features of suicide, which include the desire to be alone(predicate) is natural and normal for every person. But beware, when closed, the isolation become involved and long, when a person withdraws into himself, eschews the former friends and allies. Each of us is naughty from time to time. This condition can be caused by weather, well-being, fatigue, office or family problems, and so on But when a persons mood almost every day varies amidst the excitation and decay, there is cause for alarm. There are strong rises that these emotional fluctuations are the harbingers of death. Depression is a deep emotional decline, which is showed in everyone differently. Some people become isolated, but at the same time, they disguise their feelings so well that it is impossible to notice the changes in their behavior. The only way in such cases is a direct and open conversation with a man. This is a proven fact that a lot of acts of suicide are caused by anger, rage, and cruelty to others. An absence or, conversely, abnormally increased appetite are well-nigh linked to self-destruction thoughts and should always be considered to be a quantity for the say-so hazards. In addition to the above-mentioned information, it is necessary to add that alcohol and drug use disorders have been found to be strongly related to suicide risk (Ilgen, et. al, 2011).People, who plan their suicide, hand out their own things to family, friends, or relatives. As experience shows, this sinister campaign is a direct herald of a coming disaster. In each case, it is recommended to have a solemn and frank conversation with that person in order to clarify the intentions of potential suicides.The concludes for suicide are complex and numerous. The reasons can be sought in biological, genetic, psychological and social spheres of a person. Despite the fact that people usually commit suicide in extreme situations, such as divorce, loss of work or study, most experts give notice that it is ra ther a reason to commit suicide than its cause.Most people who kill themselves suffer from depression, which often goes undiagnosed and untreated. Since depression often underlies suicide, the study of the causes of depression can help scientists to understand the causes of suicide. About 90% of suicides occur in persons with a clinically diagnosable psychiatric disorder (Tondo, et. al., 2011).Despite the fact that some studies suggest that suicides of famous people can play an exemplary role model, especially among teenagers, this point of view is not fully proven. However, there is some evidence that the famous peoples suicides can be a powerful incentive to others suicides, especially among those in the range of 13 to 19 years. In addition, the causes of teen suicides are poverty, family relationships and with their peers, alcohol and drugs, unrequited love, experienced in childhood abuse, social isolation, mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and so on. The num ber of suicides among offspring people has increased over the work decade. It is not superfluous to mention that early marriages do not conserve young people (aged 15-19) from the risk of suicide. This is primarily due to the fact that young marriages are more likely an attempt, not always successful, to solve some other, unrelated to marriage problems, for example, get rid of the unbearable situation in family.Taking everything into account, it is possible to conclude that suicide is the result of the personalitys social psychological disadaptation in modern society. Psychological crises arise as a result of the intimate, family and personal, social and creative conflicts. In order to avoid the manifestation of suicidal behavior, it is necessary to provide people, especially teenagers with social support by including family, school, friends, etc. It is useful to carry out socio-psychological training issues, provide individual and host lessons to raise self-esteem, development of an adequate relationship to self, empathy, to increase self-control, replacement of substantial others, to develop the motivation in order to achieve success. It can be based on the behavioral skills trainings.

Friday, March 29, 2019

Temperature, Humidity and Air Quality Index Relationship

Temperature, humidness and Air Quality Index RelationshipThe human relationship surrounded by temperature and humidity and agate line quality index in Suzhou and JinanLixiu. Zhang in class deuce. (Student ID 1514401038)Soochow University. College of accomplishment and engineering scienceAbstractThis is a study about the relationship surrounded by temperature and humidity and striving quality in Suzhou and Jinan. A hypothesis was organize that loftyer temperature and humidity can result in better air quality. The information was collected daily from whitethorn 12th to May 30th. victimization simple linear regression model, the study effectuate no large correlation between these three variables in either Suzhou or Jinan. initiation Air pollution today is becoming an increasingly serious turn up in China. As incomes rise and priorities shift away from only move money to ensuring a better life, environmental aw atomic number 18ness is besides soaring. So more and more attention has been paid to what affects air quality. This study move to find the relationship between air quality and weather elementshumidity and temperature. Considering that high near-ground temperature will accelerate vertical air convection, which will dramatically invalidate near-ground pollutants, a hypothesis was formed that the higher the temperature, the better the air quality. some former(a) hypothesis was that higher humidity will cause better air quality, which is based on the fact that droplets in the air can heighten solid set forthicles like PM 2.5 to reduce air suspension.This study assessed the issue of humidity and temperature on air quality, in which humidity refers to relative humidity, show as a percent. The unit of temperature is . AQI is short of Air Quality Index, which is calculate from five major air pollutants O3, CO, SO2, NO2, and PM2.5. Higher AQI value means a greater level of air pollution and greater health concern,which is shown as followsAQ I0-5051-100101-150151-200201-300Levels of air pollutiongoodmoderateSlightly-pollutedModerately-pollutedHeavily-pollutedSuzhou and Jinan were involved in this study. Suzhou, a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province, has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate . As the capital of Shandong Province, Jinan has a warm restrained continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. These twain cities were chosen because they arrive similar climate except Suzhou is more humid. Thus they can be compared to obtain more reliable data.Sampling methods and schedule of data accrual are presented in Method section. Tables and graphs are showed in Results part. Discussion part is the explanation of the data. A summary with recommendation of improvement follows in shutting part.MethodsThe data, containing the value of humidity, temperature and AQI, were collected daily at 3PM-4PM from May 12th to May 30th. To make it more representative and reliable, the data was colle cted in two cities and from two different sources www.nmc.cn ( the website of National Meteorological Center ) and Moji APP. The final data was collected after comparing these two sources.ResultsThe data contains three variables from two cities, and is 19 days in total, from May 12th to May 30th. The data collection efforts was effectively carried out, and missing values were minimal (below 5%). Graphs and tables are shown as follows watch 1 AQI VS temperature in Suzhou figure out 2 AQI VS temperature in Jinanfigure 3 AQI VS humidity in Suzhoufigure 4 AQI VS humidity in JinanBased on the analysis of simple linear regression, the relationship between variables are revealed by regression equations, which are shown in the figures. R is also presented to show how puff up the points fits. Note that figure 1 fits well except points (19,107) and (28,107), which is probably due to the low humidity on those two days. The peak value of AQI appeared in May 25th in Suzhou with 28 and humidity of 75%. For Jinan, the peak value lies in May 27th, with 18 and humidity of 71%.Discussion Figure 1 presents the relationship between temperature and AQI in Suzhou. Though not significant, this figure does suggest a positivistic correlation between these two variables. In other words, the higher the temperature, the worse the air quality, which contradicts the first hypothesis higher temperature causes better air quality., As shown, most of the points fit well except for the two outliers as mentioned in last part, which pull down the value of R. While figure 2 shows no correlation between temperature and AQI in Jinan with R little than 0.1. Maybe this is because the human factor is more significant in Jinan .As for humidity, there are no correlation in either figure 3 or figure 4, with R=0.13012 in Suzhou and 0.00383 in Jinan. As humidity gets greater, the value of AQI hardly changes or changes irregularly, which suggests that the second hypothesis is also wrong. There is no rel ationship between humidity and AQI.ConclusionTo conclude, theres no significant relationship between temperature and AQI. Although AQI turns higher as temperature goes up in Suzhou, the correlation is not so significant. Neither in Suzhou nor Jinan were the relationship found between humidity and AQI. This is because air quality is the result of combined effect of multi-factors, so its very hard to figure out the effects of a single variable.Limitations exist because the size of sample is too small. Bias is realizable as the data was collected in two big cities, in which human factors are very significant, and thus rural area and other small cities are excluded in this inquiry. I recommend that further research should collect abundant data and choose more representative cities or countries. Furthermore, if conditions allow, future researcher had better singularize the variable when analyzing how a circumstantial variable affect air quality.ReferencesThe Website of National Meteo rological Center. ( May, 2016). http//www.nmc.cn/.Moji Weather.(May, 2016). Moji Fengyun science and technology company.Appendix original data

ELISA Test for Virus Detection

enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay Test for virus DetectionZohrah MiakheylImmunology practicalIntroductionViruses ar fine living organisms that requires living host for its selection and pitiablelife lead to transmission establishment if it fully invades the host cells taking over the cell machinery to produce virus. on that point are many different viral contagious distempers including measles, epidemic parotitis, rubella, and cytomegalovirus. measles is an infection of the respiratory system campaignd by the morbilli virus. The measles virus is very transmittable and stub easily spread via sneezing, coughing and personal contact. rubeola is cognise by the red-brownish rash starting on the face and spreading to the expect of the dust. Other symptoms of measles virus include fever, diarrhoea, runny nose, conjunctivitis and ironical cough (Permar et al, 2006). Mumps is an infection fixd by the paramyxovirus. This viral infection is too highly contagi ous like morbilli and spreads in addition via sneezing, coughing and bear contact. Mumps usually causes swollen salivary glands, fever, dry m discloseh and difficulties in swallowing. rubella is an infection caused by rubella virus, member of the genus Rubivirus. The spread of the virus is similar to measles and Mumps. Most common symptoms of this infection are a pink, light red rash lasting up to iii days, diffuse fever, cold cough, sore throat, conjunctivitis and joint pain in adults (Stock, 2012). In contrast to Measles, Mumps and Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) usually dont own any symptoms and hence most people being septic may non know that they have CMV. People who are being infected often develop soft symptoms similar to flu or glandular fever. This viral infection tail commence serious in babies infected before birth, because this virus can be transmitted from mother to foetus. Cytomegalovirus is a virus belonging to herpes family of viruses. This virus is spr ead via body unsounds (saliva and urine) and personal contact (Griffiths, 2002). The above stated viral infections usually arrive at childhood, but it can occur at any time. Measles, Mumps and Rubella are often protected by giving the children MMR inoculation at 13 months and a booster is often given to three to five age old children. To find out from what the four perseverings are mislaying from ELISA technique was applied to detect antiviral agent antibodies in endurings serum for the viral infections Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus.MethodResults elaborate 1 microtitre plate showing the moments of the four affected roles tested.The ELISA technique shows that persevering 1 is incontrovertible for Measles (IgM) and CMV (immunoglobulin G), patient 2 is confident(p) for Measles and Rubella (immunoglobulin G), diligent 3 is col later(prenominal)al for measles (IgG) and patient 4 is exacting for CMV (IgM) and Measles, Mumps and Rubella (IgG).Discussion quadr uple patients were tested for viral infections using ELISA technique and the results showed absolute for several(prenominal) patients for some of the viral infections. The ELISA results obtained were good and no errors were make. This might be due to accurate practical skills such as pipetting, appropriate selection of the wells, proper emptying and washing of the plate. Furthermore accurate serum dilution and meter has also added to the accuracy of the results. Controlling the experimental conditions such as brooding time has also lead to improved results. To obtain better results saturation measurement, dilutions, experimental conditions can be improved further. The volume measurement can be improved by accurately use of Gilson pipettes by ensuring there is no air bubbles and the pipettes are fully calibrated. Experimental condition can be improved by carefully monitoring the incubation duration.Patients case studyPatient 1A 56 age old patient was admitted with dense reddish brown maculopapular rash, headache, low grade fever, spot rash, mild group AB discomfort and diarrhoea, high temp, mild conjunctivas symptoms. Throat swab done by the GP didnt let loose any severe symptoms, but was referred for antiviral antibodies screening examination. aft(prenominal) playing antiviral antibody screening the results showed positive for measles (IgM) and CMV (IgG). IgM is made during immune reception in the too soon demo of infection and is principally form in lymph fluid and slant where it situations as neutralizer against harmful agents. Whereas IgG is made in the late stage of infection and cheques in the body for a long period of time. Due to its long survival period in the body IgG is useful for passive immunization. IgG is mainly found in blood, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid and plays a vital role in humoral immune response by activating the complement system (Lima, 2012). The sign and symptoms of the patients is similar t o measles therefore indicating that the patients might be suffering from measles and might be in the early stages of the infection due to IgM found in the serum sample and macolopapular rash is also the sign of the infection at early stages. The mild abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, and cold-like symptoms also indicates that the patient might suffer from CMV infections, but since IgG is found in patients serum sample, the infection might also be the result of immunisation and prior infection. All the symptoms of this patient are also the symptoms of measles therefore this patient might suffer from measles in the early stage of it, because of the antibody IgM and the reddish macolopapular rash is also found in the early stage of the infection) . Currently there are no means of preventing the positive measles infection, but the symptoms can be reduced using pass medications such fever-reducers, antibiotics, and vitamin A supplements (Permar et al, 2006).Patient 2A healthy 8 years old boy was examined by GP in a routine check and was referred for full blood look ats. From the physical examination, the GP found that the boy was having faint cracking-like sound due to sever cold that he has been suffering since 3 weeks. Eczema-like rash was also observed, which was treatable by E45 creams, but the cause of this symptom was not clearly known as he has no family history of eczema. After his full blood deliberate revealed no ab commonplaceities and the cause of eczema was not known, his GP referred him for antiviral antibodies screening. The screening result showed that the boy was positive for Measles and Rubella (IgG) infections. The signs and symptoms of this patient appears to be different from the sign and symptoms and Rubella and Measles apart from the cold that the patient was suffering from. One of the premier signs of Measles and Rubella infection is red-pinkish rash, where in Measles it appear to be observable for a week and in Rubella it lost for at least(prenominal) 3-7 days, but varies from patient to patient. The patient always had eczema-like rash, which means that the patient might not be infected by Measles or Rubella. The positive results obtained from antiviral screen might be due to immunisation and prior infections. Since the patient is not suffering from virus infection, the doctor ca refer him to Dermatologist for eczema examination. Since he is suffering from cold, the patient can orchestrate cold reducing medications (Gen,1999).Patient 3A 26 years old healthy female attend her GP for confirmation of her gestation period test after she tested at piazza using home pregnancy test about a week ago and got positive results. She believes she is about 28 days expectant, but this is her fist confirmation although she has been significant in the past and had early stillbirth about 10 months ago. GP preformed second pregnancy test and the positive results confirmed that she is pregnant. Since she was only 4 years old when moved to UK from Tajikistan, her medical record is available from the age of 6. Due to incomplete medical records, the patient is advised to carry out blood test so that her vaccination status can be known, therefore antiviral antibody screen was carried out and the results appear positive for Measles infection. The development of MMR vaccination appear to be very successful against this viral infection and due to improve and advancement of MMR vaccination, Measles infection has become less common now, but it shows to be dangerous among pregnant women if occur. This is because Measles might lead to miscarriage, stillbirth or early delivery if the pregnant individual is not immune against the infection. Although patient 3 do not peril any sign and symptoms, but the antiviral antibody screen shows that she is positive for this infection. This positive result suggests that the miscarriage that she had might be due to Measles infection. However this cannot be said with certainty , because of her incomplete medical history. The antiviral positive result might be due to early infection or immunization. Since her medical history is not fully known, she probably needs MMR vaccination to make sure she is immunized against the viral infectionNormally the signs and symptoms of Measles infection tend to appear between 6 and 21 days. . and so its important that she is aware of any signs symptoms such as fever, cold and any skin rash that might appear at later stages of Measles infection. If she is infected then human normal immunoglobin (HNIG) treatment can be carried out to reduce the symptoms of infection. However this does not mean that miscarriage can be prevented (Permar, 2006).Patient 4A 43 years old male who had kidney transplantation 9 months ago due to kidney failure, which was caused as a result of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which was diagnosed at the age of 11. The patient had a good diet and controlled blood glucose, but due transport in life style and alcohol consumption and irregular insulin institution his blood glucose level has changed and become unpredictable. This life style has led to impaired kidney functioning, which resulted in estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of 30ml/min. After monitoring eGFR about 3 months, a steady reduction was observed until the age of 39 with eGFR of 10ml/min. Although the patient was under dialysis, he was introduced to ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) while waiting for capable kidney donor for transplantation. After a few months CAPD treatment, he was referred to haemodialysis, which was carried out 3 times a week, because he could not get on with CAPD. After successful single kidney transplant, the patient shows to recover well from the surgery and the kidney appeared to function well. Following the checkups, the patient appeared to feel better and showed good recovery. However, the patient complained of broadly speaking unwell feelings with severe cold/ flu, where he has s uffer for at least couple of weeks. Chest pain, abdominal cramps with diarrhea was also reported on this visit and physical examination shows some abdominal tenderness with no swelling or any other tenderness and normal blood pressure. The Auscultation examination however showed rattle and wheezing sounds. Microbial culturing was performed on stack and mid-stream urine samples a land with full blood count, creatinine measurement and an antiviral antibody screen examination.The microbial culture from urine samples revealed nothing significant and eGFR shows to be similar to last check up (10ml/min). The full blood count however shows that the Haemoglobin concentration was 12g/do, which is lower than the normal digress (normal range 13-18g/dL) and this is thought to be as a result of impaired glomerular filtration rate, which is caused due to kidney failure and his haemoglobin concentration might be also low due to his kidney-transplantation and the immunosuppressive medication tha t he receives which causes mild bone-marrow crushing causing low hemoglobin concentration (Joist et al, 2006) . All other tilt however appear to be within the normal ranges indicating nothing significant. exclusively the white blood count appears to be slightly higher than the normal range. The normal white blood count is 4-1110 to the 9/L, whereas the patients count is 11.110 to the 9/L. This indicates that the patient might be suffering from viral infection. This is intelligible from the antiviral antibody screen examination, where the patient appeared to be positive for CMV (IgM), Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (IgG). Therefore it is the Measles infection that causes the while blood cell counts to alter. In general viral infections disrupts the bone marrow function temporarily and this leads to transformation in white blood cell counts. The severe cold/flu, abdominal discomfort and diarrhea that the patient is suffering from is also the signs of CMV infection, this is because i ndividuals who afford organ transplantation are more susceptible to CMV infection (Rafailidis et al, 2012).The reason that the individuals are susceptible is because the medication they received reduces the immune system response to avoid rejection of kidney transplant (Cordero et al, 2012). However the patient does not display any symptoms for Rubella, Measles and Mumps, but the positive antiviral screening result might be due to previous infection or immunization. His crackling and wheezing sound might be result of cardiovascular disease that he might suffer from because of his lifestyle Kataoka, 2008).In order to stay healthy the patient needs to improve his lifestyle by improve his diet by reducing/stopping alcohol consumption. If the symptoms of CMV becomes worsened than antiviral drug can be used. If the immune system is jury-rigged weakened then there is no need for any antiviral drug, because the patient will recover from the infection when the immune system is recovered. harken of referencesCordero, E. et al. (2012). Cytomegalovirus disease in kidney transplant recipients incidence, clinical profile, and risk factors. Elsevier. Online 44 (3) p. 694-700. Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22483471. Accessed 15/02/2015Gen. (1999). Immunoglobulin (IgG) and (IgM) Antibody Responses to Rabies Vaccine .Lister Institute of load Medicine, Elstree, Hertfordshire, U.K. 40 (10), p595-604.Griffiths, P. D . (2002). Cause and Treatment Of Cytomegalovirus Infection.Journal of Antimicrobial Therapy. 49 (2), 243-255Joist, H. Brennan, D.C. Coyne, D.W. (2006). Anaemia in the kidney-transplant patient. Journal of The American rescript of Nephrology. Online 13(1) p. 4-10. Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16412965. Accessed 11/03/2015.Kataoka, H. Matsuno, O. (2008). Age-Related Pulmonary Crackles (Rales) in Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Patients. Annals of Family Medicine. Online 6(3) p.239-245. Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p mc/articles/PMC2384982/. Accessed 15/03/2015Lima, R. C. et al (2012). Interpretation of the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies in a rapid test for dengue analysis of dengue antibody prevalence in Fortaleza City in the 20th year of the epidemic. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine. Online. 45(2) p. 163-167. Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22534985. Accessed 22/03/2015.Permar, S. R, Griffin, D. E and Letvin, N. L. (2006). Immune Containment and Consequences of Measles Virus Infection in Healthy and Immunocompromised Individuals.CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY,. 13 (4), 437443.Rafailidis et al,. (2012). dress cytomegalovirus infection in apparently immunocompetent patients a systematic review. Virology Journal. Online 5 (47) p. 1-7. Available from http//www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/47 Accessed 11/02/2015Tingle, A. J, Allen, M, Petty, R. E, Ketthyles, G. D and Chantler, J. K. (2015). Rubella Associated Arthritis Comparative Study of Joint Manifestati on Associated With Natural Rubella Infection.Annals Review of the Rheumatic Diseases. 45 (1), 110-119.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

The Many Infectous Diseases Caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes Essay

streptococci Pyogenes Multi-Purpose MonstersStreptococcus pyogenes is a type of group A streptococci that produces many septic diseases. This bacteria is commonly found in a variety of organisms, yet is usually harmless unless the organisms defenses atomic number 18 compromised. When detrimental, group A streptococci typeface infections such as impetigo, ecthyma, scarlet fever, and necrotizing fasciitis. Each of these infections displays different symptoms and requires different treatment. These treatments are primarily by antibiotics, because antibiotics are still the chief cure for ordnance bacterial infections. One of the most interesting, rare, and fatal infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes is necrotizing fasciitis, and though it can cause some severe symptoms, a simple dot of antibiotics can prevent or even cure this dangerous infection. streptococci are a large, diverse group of bacteria that are confirming cocci (Sharma). Streptococcus Pyogenes, a group A Strep tococcus, is a frequent organism that can cause many different diseases in gentlemans gentleman (Sharma). Group A Streptococci are commonly referred to as attack and they are commonly identified on blood agar plates as white or gray colonies (Sharma). They commonly appear in pairs or short chains that are non-motile and non-spore-forming (Sharma). Additionally, they have a fermentative metabolism, and are facultative anaerobes that require blood to grow (Todar). For this reason, GAS bacteria are often found in mammals. It is estimated that 15%-20% of all healthy individuals harbor this pathogen in their bodies, specifically their respiratory tractwithout signs of disease (Todar). However, it is believed that the bacteria can cause harm if the organisms defenses are compromised or th... ...July 2008 .DeLeo, Frank R., and Michael Otto. bacterial Pathogenesis Methods and Protocols. Methods on Microbiology 431. Totowa, NJ Humana Press, 2008.Necrotizing Fasciitis (Flesh-Eating Bacte ria). WebMD. 6 Dec. 2007. Healthwise Inc. 14 July 2008 .Rene, Caravano. Current Research on Group A Streptococcus . Paris, France Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1968.Sharma, Sat, MD. Streptococcus Group A Infections. eMedicine. 5 May 2006. WebMed. 24 July 2008 .Todar, Kenneth. Streptococcus Pyogenes. Todars Online Textbook of Bacteriology. 2002. University of WIsconsin-Madison. 14 July 2008 .

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Julius Caesar Essay -- essays research papers

How Betrayal conduct to Downfall in Julius CaesarIn the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare shows how promoters often betray individually other. Julius Caesar is about to be crowned king of capital of Italy, when some well-known Romans limit that it is not a good liking for this to happen. They form a junto and land Caesar. Brutus, an honorable Roman and a very good friend of Caesars, betrays Caesar by killing him for the good of Rome. Antony, Caesars best friend and another(prenominal) honorable Roman, betrays Brutus by turning against the conspirators. Cassius, a respected Roman, and Brutus betray apiece other by arguing and destroying their friendship. All this betraying lead to many deaths in the play.When Brutus betrayed Caesar for the good of Rome by killing him, he had no idea that he would regret it later on in his bearing. Brutus wanted to kill Caesar because he thought that if Caesar became king, he would forget who his real friends are and he would not pay attention to them. He also thought that Caesar would snuff it too powerful and therefore did not want him to be king. This is shown when Portia says, Brutus hath a suit / that Caesar will not grant (2.4.41-42). Although Brutus had a clear conscience, the population of Rome did not. This eventually led to Brutus being driven out of Rome by the citizens. Not being associated with Rome anymore made Brutus life worse and he eventually took his own life as the only way to...

The end of The Age of Reason :: essays research papers

The end of The Age of ReasonIn the late eighteenth century, America was coming to a standstill in religious belief, by the 1790s an estimated 10% of the non-Indian population of America were members of a ruleal church. in the first place and after the American Revolution, works of literature like Thomas Paines Common scent out, and gum benjamin Franklins The Way to Wealth began to form a discipline train of thought among the early Americans. These views were somewhat opponent of those which were introduced through Puritanism and The Enlightenment during the seventeenth century. However, in the end traditional godliness overcame the pressure that was applied by the new schools of thought that floated around in the late 18th century.Thomas Paines Common Sense was to a greater extent than just a piece of literature than planted the seed for deism, it also helped inspire a nation to revolt against England, and clintention independence from a government which was deemed unfair an d un pop off to control the colonies. In Common Sense Paine led the mickle to believe that the Americans could not reconcile with England. He aim was to turn the American anger away from the small parliamentary issues they were resisting against, and onto what he considered the main problem, which was the English Constitution itself. Paine argued that it was simple common sense for Americans to break open completely with a government that could produce such a get down a ruler as George III. In closing his writing Paine argues And as a man, who is attached to a prostitute, is unfitted to choose or judge of a wife, so any prepossession in favor of a foul-smelling constitution of government will disable us from discerning a good one. With Paine making this remark, I translate Paine to mean that the island kingdom of England was no more fit to rule the American Continent, than a satellite was fit to rule the sun.This pamphlet was released in January 1776, at that point in clock the colonies were nothing more than miniature countries existing next to each other. As the news of the pamphlet spread during that year, a strong sense of national unity and the need for independence from the English began to form in the peoples minds.Later that same year, Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, with help from Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. Jefferson used ideas borrowed from theories by John Locke for example, governments are created to protect the rights of life, liberty, and property.

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Historical Past of the Bacterium Salmonella Bacilli Essay -- History B

The bearing of SalmonellaAbstractThe following paper discusses the historical past of the bacterium Salmonella Bacilli and its repercussions indoors infected humans victims over time. There are two types of salmonella nontyphoidal and typhoidal. some(prenominal) are borne through direct tangency with an infected hosts feces bacterium which in turn, is ingested orally. Their way of life exists within the digestive tract of its host, reproducing rapidly into thousands of serotypes. Cultured, strengthened, and afflicted upon people over the centuries, salmonella has become the pattern one danger in food poisoning, carrying doom, death, and destruction wherever it goes. every(prenominal) bacterium has its humble beginnings as did salmonella. Reported to cause 42 part of all food poisoning cases in the world, salmonella bacteria infect a variety of hosts from humans to animals to reptiles. Because chicken and cows come in contact with feces al approximately daily, these animals are the main carriers of salmonella bacteria. Furthermore, the intestinal tracts of many contrastive reptiles contain the same bacteria to serve survival purposes however, it can easy be released and transmitted to other hosts. Humans are very nonresistant to the Salmonella Typhi bacterium as it only lives and cultures within warm-blooded mammals. To transmit from human to human, it must travel through the fecal and oral pathway. Drinking pee also provides another means for vast infection. The ensuing disease is perhaps the most widely known in history, typhoid fever. This disease has an all-embracing history, riddled with pain, suffering, and unwanted death.Such a history it has that even the quaint Greeks knew about a dreadful disease, now known as typhoid. Hippocrates describe it... ...e in making history.As one can see, salmonella has quite an massive past in affecting the humans in general. From its beginning grow in the civilization of Athens to its effects on life at present on Earth, salmonella has contributed much to our very own existence, testing our limits to ensure the most successful way to survive.Bibliographyhttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no3/mcdade.htmBioterrorism. 25 July 2008 .http//www.bacteriamuseum.org/niches/features/bioterror.shtmlBy Dr. T.M. Wassenaarhttp//www.homelandsecurity.org/journal/Commentary/cunnion2.htmBy Stephen O. CunnionElsevier. Typhoid Fever Led To The Fall Of Athens. ScienceDaily 23 January 2006. 23 July 2008 http//www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060123163827.htm.http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4639840.stm

Holocaust 2000 :: essays research papers

Lesson 2                                                  Step 9               Stanley von Herschaur was robbed.                People atomic number 18 going to die. Stanley was angiotensin converting enzyme pissed off customer to have been screwed give care this by the stamp-collecting community. Maybe just the people that he had spoken to, understandably not everyone deserved death, maybe just deserved a sin of a beating. He knows what will happen, today hes drunk off his ass, tomorrow hes a committed revolutionary ready to bring about another(prenominal) Holocaust. Stanley was happy about one thing when the darkness enveloped his soul into a lust for vengeance, he whispered to the devote bottle of Johnny Walker,... "someones gonna remove it".     The hangover punched him in the face that morning, the name of the man who had hired thieves to wear the house flashed up to him, like a bullet delivered to the back of his sappy head. Rosenberg. A greedy swindler with a devilish face. Yitzvah. An old humpback whale with beady little eyes. Yitzvah Rosenberg The man he had spoken to once before, the one so greedy to clutch for Stanleys fortune that he offered thirty-five light speed dollars for the Austrian Red Mercury, the single most expensive stamp in Stanleys collection that was worth about ninety-three hundred dollars.      Stanley stumbled around. He walked up to the closet, slid its doors open and dropped to his knees. The wooden floor come along could be displaced. He clawed at the floor for a minute until he discovered the board that was split in two pieces, removing it gave way to th e steel lever that was installed to open the secret cabinet behind the clothes rack. He did it, got up to his feet and pushed the clothes hangers off and threw both arms forward as if to receive Christs mercy make up there and then.      Stanley made his way outside. All dressed up, the trench come up concealed the boom-stick he held underneath. He knew where to go now.Yitzvah sat at his desk looking through his newly acquired fortune. Suddenly the door was pushed open and Stanley walked through.

Monday, March 25, 2019

Was the War of 1812 Pointless? :: American America History

Was the fight of 1812 Pointless?The War of 1812 proved to be the most serious challenge to face the United States since the countrys birth. This Second war of Independence perhaps changed American history as we know it though. This essay will discuss the causes for this war assessing whether there in truth were valid reasons for the United States and Britain going to war or whether the whole 1812 war was just born out of pointless aggression The war of 1812 was a very unnecessary war. It broke out just as integrity of its chief causes (The Orders in Council) was removed and its greatest battle (New Orleans) was fought just by and by peace was signed. The war was unnecessary from a British point of look but for the Americans it was inescapable. The Royal Navy had kidnapped 3,800 American sailors and pressed them into service. The Orders In Council had disadvantaged the United States of a profitable trade with France and can be seen as having ruthlessly subordinated American eco nomic interests to the political interests of the British Empire. American farmers alike blamed the orders, perhaps unfairly, for a fall in agricultural prices that produced a depression in the West in the years immediately out front the war. On the frontier it was universally believed that Indian restlessness war affected up by British agents although really American oppression has to be seen as a big cause of this too. Americas war with Britain seemed inevitable although the Americans did everything they decently could to avoid it, although there seemed to be endless provocation by Britain, for slip in 1807 when a British frigate, the leopard opened fire on an American frigate the Chesapeake. The choice before America, Jefferson the former president and his successor Madison agree was war or submission - to fight or to undo unmatchable of the main achievements of the revolution and accept total defeat in external affairs to England. As John Quincy Adams put it It was not a theme of dollars and cents, no alternative was left but war or the apostasy of our right as an independent nation The offences committed against the United States were the study provocations for the war, reasons other therefore vindication can be regarded as rationalisation. there was an obvious anger for what British had done to America and many Americans unless wanted revenge but the war was fought for much more then that.