The Effects Of Advertising On Our Young Girls And Women

Maya NinoDrucker English 5 11 November 2014Prompt #1Effects of Advertising on WomenAdvertisements of today are overwhelmingly sexual with undertones of hostility and degradation towards women. It does not matter whether the advertisement is directed at men or women, boys or girls. It may be overt or it may be subtle, but there seems to always be an underlying theme of pervasive sexuality and enmity. The mental, emotional, and social impact ofthese advertisements may be adversely affecting our young girls and women of today. The effects of advertising have gone beyond persuading women to just buy products. â€Å"These media messages link thinness with love and happiness, often solely in terms of having the right body to attract the opposite sex† (Hesse-Biber 770). Women and girls of all ages are buying into an idea that is detrimental to their self worth, personal identity, and physical and mental health. Women would not be buying into these ideas if it were not for the men pe rpetuating them and forcing these stereotypes and unrealistic ideals onto women. Females in our society are gleaning idealistic and harmful aspirations from the advertisements that are bombarding our media-based culture; however, the teaching of media literacy through education may help to raise awareness in order to diminish the damaging effects on the women and girls of today.Results of a study done at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill suggest, â€Å"that watching even 30 minutes’ worth ofShow MoreRelatedDoes Advertising Affect Self-Image1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof inadequacy and insecurity to sell us their products. While these marketers believe that advertising only mirrors societys values and alerts them to new products and bargains, they are either oblivious to their detrimental effects on society, specifically the teenage and female markets, or are ignorant to the truth. The Media Awareness Network evaluates the self-perceptions we gain from advertisin g whether it be false or strictly informational and the subliminal messaging we receive from theseRead MoreEssay on Sexualization in The Media1082 Words   |  5 Pagescorporations spend large sums of money every day in order to grasp our attention. The question as to whether or not they have their customer’s best interest in mind arises and leaves the public no answer but to look to the advertisements they have produced. Consider the pistachio industry using a woman with a whip to grasp the viewers’ attention. In reality, is a provocative image what it takes to sell us a simple bag of pistachios? With advertising decisions like these come negative consequences such as theRead MoreMedia Has Too Much Pressure On Girls1169 Words   |  5 PagesWhen she was a young teenager she thought that she was fat and ugly. She decided that she needed to do something about it. When she started to lose weight her friends said that she was skinnier than anything they had ever seen be fore. She dieted and used the exercises from weight loss videos. She never felt any smaller so she continued with this unhealthy lifestyle. She became anorexic and weighed only about eighty pounds. What gave her and other young girls this idea that to be pretty you also haveRead MoreKilling Us Softly : Advertising s Image Of Women913 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising’s Image of Women In the video, Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women, the way women are portrayed in advertising is explored in great detail. The video exposes the gender stereotypes that are depicted in advertising on a regular basis. The effects of mass advertising are also explored particularly the effect of objectification of women on young girls. Young girls and women are affected by these constant and never-ending advertisements sexualizing women and marginalizing themRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreThe Basic Myth Of Our Culture Is That Consumption Is The Goal Of Life1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe basic myth of our culture is that consumption is the goal of life† (gtd. In Glickman). Consumption is an important aspect of everyday life as we are continuously consuming products. The clothes we wear, the food we eat and the devices we use to communicate with people are produced by companies for our consumption. Companies turn to advertising agencies to come up with ways to effectively market their products and create demand. Advertisement age ncies make use of profiling and niche marketingRead MoreEssay on Health of the Female Population Endangered by Media1008 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in the lives of everyday women and the way that they think about themselves and how they should look. This portrayal of unattainable beauty has effect women and young adolescent girls the most. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner, and girls as young as five have expressed fears of getting fat (Tiggemann, 1996). The medias usage of ultra thin and beautiful models are leading to eating disorders and depression and other mental disorders in women. Robin Gerber who is a motivationalRead MoreAdvertisement Towards Young Girls1434 Words   |  6 PagesJoanna Salazar English 107 Ms. Cole 7 November 2012 Final Draft Advertisements towards young Girls Advertising means to call the publics attention to ones product, service, need, etc. But what we see isnt what we get or how we will feel. The purpose to advertise is to sell, the more you advertise the more you will sell. Many companies have ways into luring us into buying a product that is unnecessary. Jib Fowles describes the fifteen appeals in which advertisements use, which are NeedRead MoreInfluence Of Advertisement On Contemporary Society1436 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertisement on contemporary society Shafiq 1 In our media rich society, we see advertisements every day. Their appearance happens at numerous places ranging from cereal boxes to television screens, as well as public buses. Most advertisement often conveys an unrealistic view of the product. While it is a mass marketing technique to make the consumer buy the product, but most of us believe whatever advertised is true without giving a second thought to it. In our contemporary society, it has become very hardRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Advertisements On Children1278 Words   |  6 PagesLipsey English IV 19 February 2015 The Negative Effects of Advertisements Advertisers seek viewers who will buy products based on the consumers’ need and desire to become perfect. Advertisers know how to push the right button to make people feel insecure and imperfect. They use this insecurity to make a profit. But what happens when a person is pushed too hard? Both genders and all nationalities are affected by advertisements. The negative effects of advertisements include low self-esteem, eating

Injustice Standing up for one Another - 874 Words

Superheroes; they save and protect the world’s people. They courageously stand up and battle against evil, anarchy, injustice, crime, and sin. When the world has nothing else to defend itself, they are the ones who are present with a duty to safeguard everyone. The superheroes you may know, such as: Superman, Batman, Iron Man, etc. all have extraordinary superhuman powers which they use to shield those in need. However, anyone can be a superhero. Throughout history, many people have become like superheroes not because of extraordinary powers, but extraordinary courage, bravery, humanity, and love. Those people made a choice to risk everything they had in order to save another human being. Is it the right thing for a person to stand up†¦show more content†¦These are one the many people who became a hero to many. The abolitionist movement in the 19th Century is a great of example of people standing up against terrifying odds to help others. During this movement in the 19th Century many people worked hard to abolish slavery in the United States. Some protested, some argued, and some ever chose to take action to free and assist freeing slaves in the South (Garcia, 442). Those who took action were a part of the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses set to help guide slaves escaping to the North and eventually Canada when the Fugitive Slave Act was published (the Fugitive Slave Act gave slave owners and other people the right to return slaves to the southern plantations and farms (Garcia, 422). Almost all the time slaves were treated brutally being beaten, fed little, and living in very harsh, bleak, and even sometimes austere living conditions (Garcia, 422). Those who were caught while in the act of escaping could usually be hanged, k illed, or tortured (Garcia, 422). Those in the North, the abolitionists, and conductors of the underground railroad such as Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas all fought for the abolishment of slavery (Garcia, 422). The conductors of the Underground Railroad, freed slaves from their workplaces and led them North using the Underground Railroad under guidance of theShow MoreRelatedKeystone Xl Pipeline Vs. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Justice Case study: Keystone XL Pipeline vs. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Introduction Throughout this paper I will try to prove that the proposed establishment of the Keystone XL Pipeline is a direct infringement upon the human rights of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota. In order to make this claim I shall directly address three elements: First, the evidence of possible inequality of this situation, secondly the explanatory progress of how and why this situationRead MoreThe Gap Ladder System Of Social Class1550 Words   |  7 PagesDo people in different social standings have different chances or opportunities to move up in social class? Many people, even though they do not realize it, discriminate and establish a prejudice or stereotype, and this affects how they perceive and treat other people. The American Dream has always been to â€Å"Work Hard, and Move Up† (Upper Bound). Are people of lower social standing still equally able to achieve their dreams simply through hard work? The difficulty with which an impoverished personRead More Exploartions of The Injustices of the World in A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines1327 Words   |  5 PagesInjustice will always exist; the world will never be perfect. However, never has injustice been more prevalent in a society than during the pre-civil rights South. In his novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest J. Gaines explores the injustice of society in Bayonne, Louisiana, in the 1940s. An uneducated young black man named Jefferson has been accused of murder and has been sentenced to death by electrocution. He is not even seen as a man by the â€Å"superior† whites, but rather as a hog. Upon the realizationRead MoreThe News And On The Media954 Words   |  4 Pagesofficer to perform it themselves (Graphs). More than sixty percent of Americans own video phones (Graphs). Video phones allow them to video many events that are taken place, such as police brutality. The biggest topic in the news and on the media is injustice for minorities. I read an article about Wiz Khalifa, a famous rapper, being arrested for riding a hoverboard in an LAX airport in August. A few weeks later, a Caucasian man was riding the exact same board in the same airport and had no penalty. MinorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Testimonial Injustice And How Do You Know It? 941 Words   |  4 PagesTestimonial Injustice, she highlights the significant effects for the connection of ethics and epistemology.  Ethics is one of the philosophies’ branches that asks the question, â€Å"What is a good life or how to live a good life?† Epistemology is  the theory of philosophy that ask the questions, â€Å"What do you know?† and â€Å"How do you know it?† Fricker basically, combines the two subjects at the matter and produced the concept of epistemic injustice.   According to Fricker, epistemic injustices comes in theRead MoreResistance to Ci vil Government: Thoreau Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesproducing injustice therefore he says â€Å"If the injustice is part of the necessary friction of the machine of government, let it go, let it go; perchance it will wear smooth — certainly the machine will wear out.† He furthers this metaphor by saying â€Å"Let your life be a counter friction to stop the machine.† After the death of Thoreau his essay was retitled â€Å"Civil Disobedience†. For the purpose of this essay civil is meant as â€Å"relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with theRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s Letter From Birmingham Jail890 Words   |  4 Pagesthese lynchings were ever brought justice. Racial injustice was a huge issue until the mid-late twentieth century, and Martin Luther King Jr.’s 1963 â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was one of the first documents to address the issue. It is one of history’s most important docu ments regarding racial injustice, as it is considered a classic document of the civil-rights movement. King wrote the letter while he was in jail for parading without a permit, one of 29 misdemeanor offences King was arrested forRead MoreThe Veil Of Ignorance And Prejudice1555 Words   |  7 Pagesagreed that there is nothing people can do to prevent others from creating unjust advantages for themselves; however, this has not stopped philosophers from wondering how people could make just and fair laws. Rawls’s â€Å"Veil of Ignorance† idea stands as one philosophical viewpoint that, if implemented, could seemingly make society fair and just in terms of rules, logic, and ethics. Rawls created his â€Å"veil of ignorance† as a way to attempt to make society more fair. In this idealized world, individualsRead MoreThe Portrayal Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn the wake of the Civil Rights Era, many people in the United States were fighting for the end of segregation. There was one man in particular who was going above and beyond to bring about change: Martin Luther King Jr. He fought continuously for rights of African Americans even when he was, secluded from the world, in jail. One particular time, he was arrested for protesting the rights of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Once in jail, he received criticism for his works by â€Å"fellow clergymen†Read MoreThe American Dream: Still Deferred Many Years Later831 Words   |  3 PagesAfrican-American experience is subtly rather than explicitly reinforced. The name of the poem is the most potent reference to the authors concern about the treatment of his pe ople. But when he asks: Does it dry up/ like a raisin in the sun? it is hard not to think of the skin of slaves, drying up in the sun in the antebellum south. Hughes does not need to explicitly mention slavery. The words Or fester like a sore / And then run? also refers to how slaves tried to run and escape their masters. Maybe

Corporate Social Responsibility for Equality- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibilityfor Concept of Equality. Answer: Negative and Positive Rights A negative right alludes to a requirement that other people provide an individual with a service or a good while on the other hand, a positive right indicates a requirement that others maintain abstinence from perceived interference of your enjoyment. Justification for their existence is based on the nature of the society whereby goods and services are constantly provided. In the same instance there is bound to be forces that compromise this provision and enjoyment as well. Concept of Equality Application of the concept of equality means that some rights do not receive maximum enjoyment in the society. Different groups or individuals who may be disadvantaged in the quest for maximization of the available resources may have to be accommodated hence negating the initial groups enjoyment of the same. Resolving Conflicting Rights Overcoming conflicts in the dispensation of rights will include finding a common area of agreement. This will include the agreement on the problem, the procedure to follow in its resolution path. It should also include the agreement on the worst fears. Finally it should conclude with a small change that recognizes a level of success. Workplace Right to Freedom, Life and Property All individuals within the workplace should not be exposed into tasks that may put a threat to their life in general. For case of freedom, any individual has the right to decide what tasks they can perform as long as it remains within the confines of the organization (Basu Pallazzo 2008). Lastly, property can be exemplified in that workers are free to own property in and out of the firm and their association with the firm should not be a stumbling block. Normal Ethical Relativism Normal ethical relativism is founded on a theoretical perspective that does not recognize a universal moral code or rather principles. It presupposes that the lack of a blanket playground for conceptualization of the judgment of wrong or right means that it is impossible to judge individuals based on it as well. In essence, the theory then says that the varying degrees of wrongness and rightness in the society means that there can never be universal principles that binds all people (Matten Moon 2008). The underlying argument about the whole concept of ethical relativism is the idea that a moral disagreement has no objective truth in it which is basically untrue. In light of this, managers recognize the presence of objective truth in the presence of cultural diversity in organizations. More so, the contentious issue of morality of disagreement and the objectivity in the truth meter only pays homage to a theoretical perspective but managers recognize the actual presence in their posit ions and are therefore confronted with decisions on the same on a daily basis. Utilitarianism Primarily, utilitarianism stipulates that an action is only right if it leads to happiness for a greater number of people in a group or the larger society. It is conceptualized in the work place to indicate that when one is able to conduct themselves properly in the workplace, the one is bound to achieve professional happiness. This factors in making decisions that are morally correct. On the flipside, there is danger that it will spring into illegality and a reduction in the happiness scale. Deontological Theory Deontological perspective focuses on the act and not necessarily its consequence. It is derived from an actors obligation to perform a particular duty which could either be voluntary or involuntary. In the work places, managers initiate the belief among the employees that the highest virtue comes from performing what one is supposed to do as requested by the organization. Justice Justice in the workplace alludes to the aspect of those in authority using their greater power and influence to ensure that service is given to those in the weaker position. Weaker position indicates those whose decision making is pegged on the higher authority. In other words, one should use this position to extend interaction across the entire firm for it is only through better interaction that people are able to dedicate their commitment for the end cause of the work. Rights in the Work Place The concept of rights in the workplace establishes the need for employer-employee confidence and ultimate performance levels. Employers should always seek to better the position of the employees by ensuring that their rights are well accentuated in the organization because failure may lead into unrest and a drop in the performance as well. The Narrow Classical Economic View The narrow classical economic view regarding the Corporate Social Responsibility is developed on the premise that business enterprises who have a sole motive of making the profits must have one responsibility towards the greater society. That involves, provision of the necessary goods and services while getting in return maximum profits for the shareholders. Friedmans view is in tandem with the classical view regarding the CSR because he stated that managers responsibility as well as the company in the pursuit of having satisfaction of interests of the shareholders often coincides with the maximization of profits agenda. According to Friedman in view of the narrow classical view conclusively alludes that the key role of the business should always be maximization of profits and not necessarily the wellbeing. In this regard, the business organizations should always prioritize making money because that is the basic reason for the existence of the organization in the first. Friedman even insisted that a company will cease to exist when its core objective which is profit making is not met. Managers should therefore take in what executives demand of them. However, while the priorities must be stuck at profit making, Friedman backtracks on his statement by making a claim about executives having to meet s certain degree of corporate responsibility as well. Furthermore, according to Friedman, social responsibility that a business only has is indulging into scores of activities that are geared towards profit making, which is increasing the profits. However, such profits must be within the law. More so, they sh ould be taking place in a free and competitive market that is free of fraudulent activities and deceptions. The Broader Social Economic View While the narrow view of Corporate Social Responsibility is bent on prioritizing making the profits, the broader view of CSR indicates that despite the main objective being profit making, business organizations have a bigger responsibility towards the society in general. This will factor in addressing the negative consequences of their activities on the society at large. In this regard, organizations must always be independent in the entire process of promotion of their own interest as well as the principle of invisibility hand to do well. For instance, where organizations have worry about the CSR would mean that they will not be able to meet the material needs. Stakeholder theory presupposes the need to have the duties of an organization involve stakeholders in particular. This will include customers, the environment, employees and the customers. In essence, the consequences of the organization in the quest to have a proper accentuation of the stakeholder needs should therefore be felt in the entire industry. This concept also alludes to the essence of power and responsibility. Business organizations are generally large and as well extremely influential. Consequently, they have a bigger command in the ascertaining responsibility towards the society in general. Stakeholder interest is only realized when the society has been clearly taken care of. More so, stakeholder role and responsibility is also provided for by the business through the existence of a universal social contract between the business and the society. Based on the contract therefore, it is the society which makes the rules and the guidelines as well as the responsibilities und er which the business operates in. The Broader Maximal View The maximal view values the need to have profitability that is pegged on the legal compliance. It is important that the business organizations recognize the contribution as well as the effect of the law in the conduct of their affairs. It is only through following the due process that the law dispenses that consumer interests and stakeholder interests alike can be understood and respected at the same time (Kotler Lee 2008). Corporate Social Responsibility is founded on belief that organizations have to abide by certain guidelines so that the entire transformation can be realized for effective social effect as well. The society can be impacted better if there are frameworks that curb any unwarranted intrusion into the society. The law should also be primary in ensuring that wealth distribution is emphasized to ensure that all corners of the society are catered for. Protection of the environment remains a very important aspect that has to be covered in the bigger social platform that organizations partake. This will then imply that the secondary stakeholders moral obligation can easily be full filled (Caroll Shabana 2010). The broader view recognizes the ethical rights of the stakeholders in this regard. When stakeholder rights are observed, it as professed by the maximal view, it provides an avenue that an active role in the social issues is sought after. This eventually contributes to the betterment of the society through having programs that are directly pertains to their welfare receiving a major boost. Organizations primarily take an interest in upholding justice and rights for all stakeholders as well because the very foundation of having the betterment of the society means that financial gain has be en realized (Carroll Shabana 2010). References Matten, D. and Moon, J., 2008. Implicit and explicit CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of management Review, 33(2), pp.404-424. Carroll, A.B. and Shabana, K.M., 2010. The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp.85-105. Basu, K. and Palazzo, G., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: A process model of sensemaking. Academy of management review, 33(1), pp.122-136. Kotler, P. and Lee, N., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. John Wiley Sons.

Reflection on Theorists/Theories free essay sample

Maria Montessori bought us the theory of observation of children to open the door to a way of teaching. Arnold Gesell, who bought us the developmental milestones of children. Refer to as the norms, should be consider a starting point to measure development. Both still inspiring early educators of today. It is impressive that Maria Montessori is the first female physician in Italy. This endeavor was a major feat to achieve in her time. She provided great contributions to the cognitive-development theory. Not only did she achieve this accomplishment, she used her skills to aid the children of poverty and disabilities. This to me is a very courageous and endearing act. During her work with impoverished communities, she observed that the environment had no stimulation or structure for children to learn. This led her to embark on another adventure, she opened a preschool named Casa di Bambini in 1907. Maria Montessori formed her beliefs by observing children. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Theorists/Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of Montessori’s beliefs, â€Å"In reality, the children are the teachers. The adults were to create an environment conducive to learning. Once this environment is created the children would venture out and learn through play. This belief is still practiced in childcare facilities today. There are safety guidelines that each facility must abide by for the protection of all children. Complying with the safety regulations and ensuring children can be active and play without danger, in turn gives children a wondrous world to investigate. In her observations, she formed many other beliefs. One being education of children starts at birth and continues on in the early years of childhood. She called these years the â€Å"sensitive periods† (Gordon and Browne 14). The Daily Montessori web site writes, â€Å"Within Maria Montessori’s framework due to her studies with children, she has observed the occurrence of sensitive periods. In other pedagogies it can get called developmental milestones or windows of opportunities. It is these periods in the child’s life when certain ability manifests itself strongly. During these periods, the child has an especially strong sensitivity towards a particular piece of knowledge or skill. The sensitivity lasts for a certain period and does not reoccur†. Sensitive Period for Order (age 18 months to 2 years) Sensitive Period for Language (birth to 6 years) Sensitive Period for Movement (birth to 4 years) Sensitive Period for Refinement of the Senses (birth to 5 years) Sensitive Period for Weaning (5 to 6 months) Sensitive Period for Numbers (4 to 5. 5 years) Sensitive Period for Manners and Courtesies (2 to 6 years) (Retrieved February 06, 2011, from http://www. dailymontessori. com/sensitive-periods/montessori-sensitive-periods/) This belief is very much alive still today in our society. In centers of, today infants are not just left to lie in their crib. We have areas that infants can crawl, touch, and discover new things. Another belief that Montessori implemented within her preschool was to make items assessable to the child. This meant having furniture that was suitable for the children size. Insuring the environment was safely brought down to a child’s level, so the child could take part in activities. Our current classrooms are set up in the same manner. You can see in the classrooms of today small tables and chairs, carpet areas where children can gather, and lower shelves, so that children can retrieve items simply. This change in the environment has also lead to the belief that children should have the freedom to choose what they want to learn about. We still demonstrate this today in choice time. Children make their choice of which interest center they will play in, by doing this a child can develop their skills, while developing confidence in themselves to my choices. This is a way of accommodating the child’s needs, and not forcing regimented education upon a child. Montessori also had the belief of training the senses on practical life (Gordon and Browne 14). We see this in interest centers.

Thea Hassans An Ethic of Care Critique Response free essay sample

In Thea Hassan’s â€Å"An Ethic of Care Critique† Hassan aims to show how Nel Nodding’s proposed â€Å"An Ethic of Caring†, while it is beneficial to most general ethic guidelines, is not an appropriate ethical theory for feminism. In her article, Hassan claims that Nel Nodding’s example of ethics of care encourages traditional gender roles of women, ignores other important virtues besides care, and inhibits a person from becoming autonomous, a term defined as â€Å"state of existing or acting separately from others. With feminisms goal of equality; aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women, to be on the same playing field, if you will, with men, Hassan has a strong argument to show how Nodding’s proposed ethics is inadequate for feminism. A huge factor in the feminist movement is the idea of equal roles. Hassan claims that care ethics actually reinforces the ideas of those traditional roles of women as the homemakers and caretakers. We will write a custom essay sample on Thea Hassans An Ethic of Care Critique Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hassan states that reinforcing such roles â€Å"the woman is caught in the role of a subservient person, caring for others but not herself†, giving them an obligation to care while forgetting one’s own needs. This prevents women from being equal with men, by making them more dependent of men as their provider, a role that is huge and encouraged for women to take up in feminism. Hassan claims that ethics of care not only prevent women from following their own, independent, morals, but how it ignores other virtues besides care. Three examples were used to make this point clear. The first was the wife who, in accordance with ethics of care, supported her K.K.K. husband. This act, which ethics of care would support, displaces the woman’s own values by supporting his, becoming evil herself. The other example was of a woman torn between her black friend and her racist family. According the ethics of care, the woman would have to side with her family, although it is wrong to treat another wrong because of the race. An equivalent example was if a woman’s husband is a homophobe and asks her to vote against same-sex marriage, under the theory of ethics of care, she is expected to do as he says in order to not break a caring relationship. These examples show how care should not be the only virtue of importance. Hassan refers to Jean Keller, who suggests that care ethics is undermining to women’s autonomy, does support her argument that Nodding’s ethic of care is not suitable for feminism. Hassan explains how care actually interrupts autonomy by interrupting a woman’s development of being  able to think on her own. This claim was much easier to prove. Nodding’s stated in her essay that one is expected to behave like the person they have experienced who cares the most. This completely prevents them from becoming their own person. Therefore, Nodding’s rejected the idea of autonomy. I have to say I do agree with Hassan. Yes, the ethic of care can be improved by additions of virtues like justice, and the idea of autonomy, however, in its current state; it is indeed unfit for feminism. My reason behind this is mainly because I see feminism being incredibly strong towards the idea that women should be autonomous and independent. The traditional gender roles Nodding’s suggested is one of the reason the feminist movement began. I can see where one could say that some women want it that way, and this is true. Like it has been discussed many times, there is not â€Å"Golden Rule† in ethics, at least not one we have discovered. Every person has separate views from other people, and from a hedonist standpoint, if some people prefer the â€Å"old days† then they should be able to live that way if it makes them happy and doesn’t hurt another human’s well-being. On terms of how it affects my thinking now, I must say I’m not entirely sure what to think of ethics of care anymore. When I first learned of it from our text book, I thought this was perhaps the greatest â€Å"theory† we have looked into to finding a universal code for morals, however, this paper opened my eyes to the little things, the flaws, of this approach toward females, and feminism. I am huge on the idea of equality, between men and woman. I believe that a woman role in a marriage is to support her husband, however I believe the same should be expected from the man in the relationship. I don’t see our world in its present moral code as a list of do’s and don’ts to come to a solution now. We live in the world of compromise; I can see that way more clearly now after seeing Hassan’s harsh support for her claims to preventing a woman’s autonomy.

Learn German Numbers, Dates, and Arithmetic Terms

Learn German Numbers, Dates, and Arithmetic Terms For each number below, two forms are shown for German language learners: Kardinalzahl (Cardinal  number: 1, 2, 3, etc.)Ordinalzahl (Ordinal  number: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) Notes on Fractions, Decimals, Articles, and Gender In some cases, a  fractional  number (Bruchzahl: 1/2, 1/5, 1/100) is also given. To make fractions (Brà ¼che) for five and above, just add -el  to the number, or -tel  if the number does not end in t: acht  Ã‚  el  Ã‚  achtel  (an eighth)zehn  Ã‚  tel  Ã‚  zehntel  (a tenth) For Dezimalzahlen (decimal numbers), Germans use das Komma (a comma), not a decimal point: 0.638 0,638 (null Komma sechs drei acht)1.08 1,08 (eins Komma null acht) Fun Fact The German expression in null Komma nichts (â€Å"in zero point zero†) means in an instant or in a flash. Although the masculine (calendar date) form is shown for the ordinal numbers, they can also be feminine (die), neuter (das) or plural, depending on the noun they are used with: das erste Auto  (the first car)die zweite Tà ¼r  (the second door)die ersten Menschen  (the first humans) When referring to individual numbers in German, you say die zwei (two) or die einundzwanzig (twenty-one), short for die Nummer/Zahl. An example would be naming the winning numbers for the lottery on television. Numbers From One to Ten (1-10) 0:  null  (zero or nought)1:  eins (one)der erste,  der 1.  (first)Time Construction: no ending on ein in ein Uhr (one oclock); but eine Uhr (one clock or a clock)  with -e ending on the article eineDate Construction: am ersten (on the first);  am ersten Mai or  am 1. Mai (on May first, on the first of May, on 1 May, or on May 1st)2:  zwei (two); the alternative form  zwo  is often used to avoid confusion with  dreider zweite,  der 2.  (second)halb, die Hlfte  (half or one-half)Time Construction: zwei Uhr (two oclock), but zwei Uhren (two clocks)3:  drei (three)der dritte,  der 3.  (third)drittel  (one third or a third)4:  vier (four)der vierte  (fourth)viertel-, das Viertel  (one fourth, one quarter, a fourth, a quarter or quarter)5:  fà ¼nf (five)der fà ¼nfte  (fifth)6:  sechs (six)der sechste  (sixth)7:  sieben (seven)der siebte  (seventh)8:  acht (eight)der achte  (eighth)9:  neun (nine)der neunte  (ninth) 10s, Tens, or Teens 10: zehn (ten)der zehnte,  der 10.  (tenth)11: elf (eleven)der elfte,  der 11.  (eleventh)12: zwà ¶lf (twelve)der zwà ¶lfte,  der 12.  (twelfth)13: dreizehn (thirteen)der dreizehnte,  der 13.  (thirteenth)am dreizehnten (on the thirteenth)14: vierzehn (fourteen)der vierzehnte,  der 14.  (fourteenth)am vierzehnten (on the fourteenth)15: fà ¼nfzehn (fifteen)der fà ¼nfzehnte,  der 15.  (fifteenth)am fà ¼nfzehnten (on the fifteenth)16: sechzehn (sixteen)der sechzehnte,  der 16.  (sixteenth)17: siebzehn (seventeen)der siebzehnte,  der 17.  (seventeenth)18: achtzehn (eighteen)der achtzehnte,  der 18.  (eighteenth)19: neunzehn (nineteen)der neunzehnte,  der 19.  (nineteenth) 20s or Twenties In German, to say in the twenties, short for the 1920s, you say in den zwanziger Jahren. The same method is used for the following decades. The 1900s and the teens are a little different. 20: zwanzig (twenty)der zwanzigste, der 20.  (twentieth)am zwanzigsten Juni, am 20. Juni  (on the twentieth of June or on June 20th)21: einundzwanzig (twenty-one)der einundzwanzigste,  der 21.  (twenty-first)am einundzwanzigsten Juni,  am 21. Juni  (on the twenty-first of June or on June 21st)22: zweiundzwanzig (twenty-two)der zweiundzwanzigste,  der 22.  (twenty-second)23: dreiundzwanzig (twenty-three)der dreiundzwanzigste,  der 23.  (twenty-third)24: vierundzwanzig (twenty-four)der vierundzwanzigste,  der 24.  (twenty-fourth)25: fà ¼nfundzwanzig (twenty-five)der fà ¼nfundzwanzigste,  der 25.  (twenty-fifth)26: sechsundzwanzig (twenty-six)der sechsundzwanzigste,  der 26.  (twenty-sixth)27: siebenundzwanzig (twenty-seven)der siebenundzwanzigste,  der 27.  (twenty-seventh)28: achtundzwanzig (twenty-eight)der achtundzwanzigste,  der 28.  (twenty-eighth)29: neunundzwanzig (twenty-nine)der neunundzwanzigste,  der 29.  (twenty-ninth) 30s or Thirties Note that unlike the other tens,  dreißig  has no z in its spelling. 30:  dreißig (thirty)der dreißigste,  der 30.  (thirtieth)31:  einunddreißig (thirty-one)der einunddreißigste,  der 31.  (thirty-first)32:  zweiunddreißig (thirty-two)der zweiunddreißigste,  der 32.  (thirty-second)33:  dreiunddreißig (thirty-three)der dreiunddreißigste,  der 33.  (thirty-third)34 to 39: consistent with the system from the 20s 40s or Forties 40:  vierzig (forty)der vierzigste,  der 40.  (fortieth)41:  einundvierzig (forty-one)der einundvierzigste,  der 41.  (forty-first)42:  zweiundvierzig (forty-two)der zweiundvierzigste,  der 42.  (forty-second)43:  dreiundvierzig (forty-three)der dreiundvierzigste,  der 43.  (forty-third)44 to 49: consistent with previous systems 50s or Fifties 50:  fà ¼nfzig (fifty)der fà ¼nfzigste,  der 50.  (fiftieth)51:  einundfà ¼nfzig (fifty-one)der einundfà ¼nfzigste,  der 51.  (fifty-first)52:  zweiundfà ¼nfzig (fifty-two)der zweiundfà ¼nfzigste,  der 52.  (fifty-second)53:  dreiundfà ¼nfzig (fifty-three)der dreiundfà ¼nfzigste,  der 53.  (fifty-third)54 to 59: consistent with previous systems 60s or Sixties 60:  sechzig (sixty)der sechzigste,  der 60.  (sixtieth)61:  einundsechzig (sixty-one)der einundsechzigste,  der 61.  (sixty-first)62:  zweiundsechzig (sixty-two)der zweiundsechzigste,  der 62.  (sixty-second)63:  dreiundsechzig (sixty-three)der dreiundsechzigste,  der 63.  (sixty-third)64 to 69: consistent with previous systems 70s or Seventies 70:  siebzig (seventy)der siebzigste,  der 70.  (seventieth)71:  einundsiebzig (seventy-one)der einundsiebzigste,  der 71.  (seventy-first)72:  zweiundsiebzig (seventy-two)der zweiundsiebzigste,  der 72.  (seventy-second)73:  dreiundsiebzig (seventy-three)der dreiundsiebzigste,  der 73.  (seventy-third)74 to 79: consistent with previous systems 80s or Eighties 80:  achtzig (eighty)der achtzigste,  der 80.  (eightieth)81:  einundachtzig (eighty-one)der einundachtzigste,  der 81.  (eighty-first)82:  zweiundachtzig (eighty-two)der zweiundachtzigste,  der 82.  (eighty-second)83:  dreiundachtzig (eighty-three)der dreiundachtzigste,  der 83.  (eighty-third)84 to 89: consistent with previous systems 90s or Nineties 90:  neunzig (ninety)der neunzigste,  der 90.  (ninetieth)91:  einundneunzig (ninety-one)der einundneunzigste,  der 91.  (ninety-first)92:  zweiundneunzig (ninety-two)der zweiundneunzigste,  der 92.  (ninety-second)93:  dreiundneunzig (ninety-three)der dreiundneunzigste,  der 93.  (ninety-third)94 to 99: consistent with previous systems 100s or One Hundreds 100: hundert  or  einhundert (hundred, a hundred or one hundred)der hundertste,  der 100.  (hundredth)(ein) hundertstel  (one-hundredth or one out of one hundred)101: hunderteins (hundred-and-one)der hunderterste,  der 101.  (hundred-and-first)102: hundertzwei (hundred-and-two)der hundertzweite,  der 102.  (hundred-and-second)103: hundertdrei (hundred-and-three)der hundertdritte,  der 103.  (hundred-and-third)104 to 199: continue in the same way 200s or Two Hundreds, and Other Hundreds 200:  zweihundert (two hundred)der zweihundertste,  der 200.  (two-hundredth)201:  zweihunderteins (two-hundred-and-one)der zweihunderterste,  der 201.  (two-hundred-and-first)202:  zweihundertzwei (two-hundred-and-two)der zweihundertzweite,  der 202.  (two-hundred-and-second)203:  zweihundertdrei (two-hundred-and-three)der zweihundertdritte,  der 203.  (two-hundred-and-third)204 to 899: continue in the same way 900s or Nine Hundreds 900:  neunhundert  (nine-hundred)der neunhundertste,  der 900.  (nine-hundredth)901:  neunhunderteinsder neunhunderterste,  der 901.  (nine-hundred-and-one)902 to 997: continue in the same way998:  neunhundertachtundneunzig  (nine-hundred-ninety-eight)der neunhundertachtundneunzigste,  der 998.  (nine-hundred-ninety-eighth)999:  neunhundertneunundneunzig  (nine-hundred-ninety-nine)der neunhundertneunundneunzigste,  der 999.  (nine-hundred-ninety-ninth) 1000s or One Thousands In German, one thousand is written or printed as either 1000, 1.000 or 1 000,  using a Punkt (decimal point) or a space instead of a comma. This also applies to all German numbers above 1,000. 1000:  tausend  or  eintausend (thousand, a thousand, or one thousand)der tausendste,  der 1000.  (thousandth)tausendstel  (one-thousandth or one out of a thousand)1001:  tausendeins (thousand-one or one-thousand-and-one)der tausenderste,  der 1001.  (thousand-first)1002:  tausendzwei (thousand-two)der tausendzweite,  der 1002.  (thousand-second)1003 to 1999:  continue in the same way Fun Fact 1001 Arabian Nights becomes Tausendundeine Arabische Nacht, but its 1001 Nchte (tausendeine Nchte) otherwise. 2000s or Two Thousands, and Other Thousands 2000:  zweitausend (two-thousand)der zweitausendste,  der 2000.  (two-thousandth)2001:  zweitausendeins (two-thousand-one or two-thousand-and-one)der zweitausenderste,  der 2001.  (two-thousand-first)2002:  zweitausendzwei (two-thousand-two)der zweitausendzweite,  der 2002.  (two-thousand-second)2003:  zweitausenddrei (two-thousand-three)der zweitausenddritte,  der 2003.  (two-thousand-third)2004:  zweitausendvier (two-thousand-four)der zweitausendvierte,  der 2004.  (two-thousand-fourth)2005 to 9998: continue in the same way9999:  neuntausendneunhundertneunundneunzig (nine-thousand-nine-hundred-ninety-nine)der neuntausendneunhundertneunundneunzigste,  der 9.999. (nine-thousand-nine-hundred-ninety-ninth) Talking About Jahre (Years) For the years 1100 to 1999 in German, you must say the  hundert rather than the tausend, as for 1152 (elfhundertzweiundfà ¼nfzig) or 1864 (achtzehnhundertvierundsechzig). 1100:  elfhundert  (year, number)tausendeinhundert  (number only)1200:  zwà ¶lfhundert  (year, number)tausendzweihundert  (number only)1800:  achtzehnhundert  (year, number)1900:  neunzehnhundert  (year, number)2000:  zweitausend  (year, number) In the year 2001 can be spoken or written in German as im Jahre 2001 or im Jahr 2001 (zweitausendeins). The phrase im Jahre means in the year, as in: Im Jahre 1350 (dreizehnhundertfà ¼nfzig) (In the year 1350). If the word Jahr is left out, then the year is used by itself, with no im (in the). For example: Er ist im Jahre 2001 geboren. | Er ist 2001 geboren. (He was born in (the year) 2001.)Er ist im Jahre 1958 geboren. | Er ist 1958 geboren. (He was born in 1958.)Kolumbus hat 1492 (vierzehnhundertzweiundneunzig) Amerika entdeckt. (Columbus discovered America in 1492) To convey the Christian calendar use of A.D. (anno domini, year of our Lord) and B.C. (Before Christ), German uses  n.Chr.  (nach Christus) for A.D. and  v.Chr.  (vor Christus for B.C. C.E. and B.C.E., for Common Era and Before Common Era, were used mostly in East Germany like so:  u.Z. (unserer Zeitrechnung) for C.E., and v.u.Z. (vor unserer Zeitrechnung) for B.C.E. 10,000 and Up 10,000:  zehntausend (ten-thousand)der zehntausendste,  der 10.000.  (ten-thousandth)20,000:  zwanzigtausend (twenty-thousand)der zwanzigtausendste,  der 20.000.  (twenty-thousandth)100,000:  hunderttausend (hundred-thousand)der hunderttausendste,  der 100.000. (hundred-thousandth)1,000,000: (eine) Million (million, one million, or a million)der millionste,  der 1.000.000.  (millionth)2,000,000: zwei Millionen (two million)der zweimillionste,  der 2.000.000. (two-millionth)1,000,000,000: (eine) Milliarde (billion, one billion, or a billion)der milliardste, der 1,000,000,000. (the billionth)1,000,000,000,000: (eine) Billion (trillion, one trillion, or a trillion)der billionste, der 1,000,000,000,000  (the trillionth) Fun Fact In German, one million is  eine Million, but two million is  zwei Millionen  (two millions). An American billion is a German Milliarde. A German Billion is an American trillion.​ Mathematische Ausdrà ¼cke (German Math Terms) German English addieren "add" die Algebra "algebra" das Differentialrechnendas Integralrechnen "calculus" dividieren "divide" durchzehn durch zwei (10/2) "divided by""ten divided by two" istgleichfà ¼nf und sechs ist elf "equals""five plus six equals eleven" die Gleichunge Gleichungsformel "equation" die Formel "formula" die Geometrie "geometry" minusweniger "minus""less" multiplizieren "multiply" plusundzwei und/plus zwei "plus""and""two plus two" subtrahieren "subtract" die Trigonometrie "trigonometry"

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Political science - Essay Example Chief of staff identifies the leader of an intricate institution or body of individuals who is the coordinator of the endorsing or supporting staff. Chief of staff offers a buffer between the executive’s direct reporting team and the chief executive. The chief of staff has the duty to advice and confidante the chief executive. The roles of the chief of staff depend on the people involved and the actual position. Filibuster or talking out a bill can be defined as any obstructive techniques utilized to prevent a measure from being brought on the floor of the house for vote. The most familiar form of filibuster takes place when a senator tries to delay a vote on a crucial bill by extending the debate or discussion on the measure. The main intention of a filibuster is delaying or killing legislation from approval. Due to the fact, the senate carries out its activities based on unanimous consent; one person can establish a delay by opposing to the request. In some scenarios, such as considering resolution on the day the legislation is brought from the House, the delay could last the whole day. Since the delay is a legislative day, the majority of members can address it by adjourning the session. A bill refers to a proposed law under deliberation by lawmakers or legislatures. In order for a bill to become a policy or law, it must be passed by the lawmakers and consented by the executive. A bill is introduced in the House by the executive where the legislatures meet and discusses the requirement of the executive. They debate the authenticity of the bill and reach a consensus. In case, the legislatures disapprove it, it does not qualify to be a law but once they approve it, the executive signs it into law. Veto power is the power given to nations such as France, Russia, United States of America, Britain and China by the United Nation to unilaterally stop or endorse an official

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition Essay

Unit 4 Market for Health Insurance and Competition - Essay Example by Congressional Budget Office, the health market challenges the federal and state governments as health care premiums continue to take an upward trend. More to these, health care costs seem to exceed the growth of American income, thus making it very expensive to afford health care in America. Consequent to these, fewer individuals get to enroll for the service, following the high cost involved. These factors compel the government to take measures that regulate the operation of the health market, thus ensuring that the insurance companies do not exercise their market power in a manner that can harm consumers, as well as the economy. Such measures include the evaluation of insurers who undertake mergers and acquisitions, to ensure that monopolies do not rule the health sector. The medical loss ratio refers to a statistical measurement of the fraction of the total premium revenue from health plans that get to be devoted to clinical services. In other words, the MLR relates to the portion of the premium revenue from health insurance plans paid to settle medical claims. Therefore, this ratio does not serve as a measure of the quality of care provided as premiums paid and expenditures incurred do not indicate the quality of care being given to individuals. Other measures, such as patient satisfaction surveys, and severity-adjusted clinical outcomes, provide better measures for gauging health performance. Consequently, the MLR should not be used to measure health performance, as it would lead to biased results (Austin, 43). Risk-adjusted premiums help in determining the expected treatment cost that an insured person would incur, if they were to fall ill. Higher rates exist for elderly individuals, compared to the younger population (Feldstein, 245). This ensures that insurance providers do not choose to insure healthier patients, and leave out the sick patients. Consequent to this, individuals who need health care most get to access insurance, and effective

The Character of Curleys Wife Essay Example for Free

The Character of Curleys Wife Essay A reason for Steinbeck portraying to the colour red may be to foreshadowing the blood that was to be seen at the end. Curley’s wife attracts all the guys in the ranch. She uses the excuse that she is looking for Curley to talk to the guys. She does wear red lipstick; the colour red is again used as a symbol because it’s a primary colour therefore a lot of children are attracted to it because of the brightness in the colour. It attracts Lennie as he has a 4 year olds mind that can’t control his feeling but still stops and stares at Curley’s wife. He says that â€Å"she’s purty† very defensively (pg35). On the other hand George doesn’t like her at all. On page 35 there’s lots of negativity about Curley’s wife coming out of George’s mouth. He says â€Å"Jesus what a tramp, so that’s what Curley picks for a wife† Steinbeck has created a character that can’t stand Curley’s wife this is because he doesn’t want to lose his job by getting into trouble like their last place of work. I think when his talking to Lennie saying â€Å"Don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says what she does I seen’ em poison before but I never seen no piece of jailbait worse that her. † (pg36) He has shown that his past is one of the reasons that he don’t like Curley’s wife, he also thinks she’s nothing but trouble and doesn’t trust her at all. Another character in the novella is one of the only one who is the nicest to Curley’s wife. He goes by the name Slim, in the novella everyone on the ranch looks up to him he’s a thoughtful tall man. Curley thinks that Slim and Curley’s wife have a relationship but Curley’s wife is just lonely and needs somebody to talk to because there isn’t any love between Curley and his wife. She says in the novella â€Å"think I’m gonna stay in that two-by-four house and listen how Curley’s gonna lead with his left twice and then bring in the ol’ right cross? † this means that she is very lonely and trapped in a loveless marriage. Curley wears a glove on his hand the ‘glove of Vaseline’ because he wants his hand to be soft when he is making love with his wife. He is very proud to show everyone this glove but this is a bad image on Curley’s wife because he is only using her because she is attractive and showing all the other guys on the ranch his sexual side with her. Curley’s wife only married Curley because of the great depression and life was hard so she thought because Curley is the bosses son she will have a good life but she didn’t! Curley’s wife came across as a trampy flirtatious character but this opinion changes when she is in the barn with Lennie opening up her feelings which showed us that she wasn’t just a tramp but a woman who had a dream, it also showed us that she was lonely like the other characters in the novella. Steinbeck made her into a character a sensitive hopeful and made herself into a normal human being and also a very weak female. Curley’s wife dreamt of being an actress and said Coulda been in the movies, and had nice clothes. This is showing that Curley’s wife is very upset about the way her is life is at the moment. In conclusion I think Curley’s wife is one of the strongest but loneliest characters in the book because after everything she has been through with her mother, Curley and being alone she didn’t open up to anyone except Lennie, but he kills her at the end because of his unknown strength. I also think Lennie did Curley’s wife a favor because she was moaning about her terrible life to him like she wanted it to end. Steinbeck portrayed Curley’s wife as an interesting and complex character to make the reader more curious on the way she is shown. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

The History Of Baggage Handling Systems

The History Of Baggage Handling Systems What was to be the worlds largest automated airport baggage handling system, became a classic story in how technology projects can go wrong. Faced with the need for greater airport capacity, the city of Denver elected to construct a new state of the art airport that would cement Denvers position as an air transportation hub. Denvers new international airport was to be the pride of the Rockies, a wonder of modern engineering  [1]  . It was almost twice the size of Manhattan and about 10 times the breadth of Heathrow. The airport can handle the landing of three jet planes simultaneously even in bad weather. The airports baggage-handling system was even more impressive than its girth. The coal-mine like cars ran along 21 miles of steel track. 4,000 tele-cars routed and delivered luggage between the counters, gates and claim areas of 20 different airlines  [2]  . A CNS of some 100 computers connected to one another and to 5,000 surveillance cameras, 400 wireless receivers and 56 bar-code scanners coordinated the safe and timely arrival of every baggage. At least that was the plan. The airports baggage handling system was a critical component in the plan. By automating the baggage handling, aircraft turnaround time was to be reduced to as little as 30 minutes. Faster turnaround meant more efficient operations and was a cornerstone of the airports competitive advantage. Despite such noble intentions the plan promptly thawed as inefficient estimation of the complexity of the project resulted in swelling problems and public mortification for everyone involved. The inauguration of the airport got delayed by 16 months because of the problem. Expenditure to maintain the empty airport and interest charges on construction loans cost the city of Denver $1.1M per day throughout the delay. Of the numerous awkward gaffes along the way one was an unplanned demonstration of the whole system to the media. It elucidated how the system crushed bags, expelled content and how two carts moving at high speed retorted when they bumped into each other. When opening day finally arrived, the system was just a silhouette of the actual plan. Rather than computerizing all 3 concourses into one stand-alone system, it was used only in one concourse, by a one airline and only for flights which were outbound. Rest of the baggage handling was implemented using standard conveyor belts and a tug and trolley system that was entirely manually operated. This was hurriedly built when it became absolutely clear that the automated baggage handling system was never going to achieve its purpose. Although the offcuts of the system survived for 10 years, the system never worked properly and in August 2005, United Airlines announced that they would forsake the system completely. The maintenance costs of $1 million per month considerably exceeded the monthly cost of a manual tug and trolley system. BASIC MODE OF FAILURE Like all other failures the problems can be observed from numerous vantage points. In its humblest form, the Denver International Airport (DIA) project botched because the key decision makers could not analyze the complexity of the project with perfection. As intended, the system was one of the most complex baggage system ever endeavored. There was an exponential growth in the complexity of the project as it was almost ten times larger than any other baggage system. The heart of the complexity was a problem related to what is known as line balancing in project management terms. To adjust system performance, empty carts had to be circulated around the airport ready to carry fresh baggage. With more than 100 pickup points, the algorithms necessary to anticipate where the empty carts should wait for new bags epitomized a hideous dream in the mathematical aspect queuing theory. This failure in anticipating the number of empty carts required led to a delay in the picking up of baggage an as a result of which the system performance slide downhill. One of the main reasons of delayed initiation of the project was failure to recognize the complexity and the risk involved. Based on the original project schedule, this delay left a little over two years for the service agreements to be signed and for the system to be designed, developed, tested and implemented. The closest analogous projects although much smaller and simpler, took two years to implement. Given the dramatic increase in terms of size and complexity, implementation the Denver system in two years was an unmanageable task. As a result of the erroneous estimation of the complexity of the baggage system, the efforts required were also underestimated. That meant that without comprehending it, the Project Management team had calculated the baggage system as the critical path of the whole airport project. To meet the airports scheduled opening date, the project needed to be accomplished in just two years. This obviously was inadequate time and that miscalculation resulted in the project being exposed to gigantic levels of schedule stress. The other succeeding problems were most likely a result of (or aggravated by) shortcuts opted by the team and the mistakes committed by them as they desperately tried to meet the schedule. KEY DECISIONS THAT LED TO DISASTER Till now what has been discussed has made the basic mode of failure pretty clear. But to reach the heart of the problem and what could have been done to differently, we need to understand how the important decisions were made which eventually hampered the whole project. Project failures typically involve a number of faulty decisions, but within those many mistakes, some specific key decisions are the generators of the sequence of proceedings that eventually lead to catastrophe. Key Decision 1 An alteration in tactics At the beginning of a project strategic decisions are made that set the projects track. In the case of DIA, a tactical blunder was made that caused flip-flop to be made part way through the project. Before requesting for bids for an integrated system in the middle of 1991, the DIAs Project Management team had expected that individual airlines would take care of their own baggage handling activities. In 1991, the DIAs Project Management team altered their strategy and realized that an integrated baggage handling system needed to be built. This forced them to take back the responsibility from the individual airlines and carry out the whole project themselves. This alteration of strategy arrived only about two years prior to the airports scheduled inauguration date. This timing of the decision played a major part behind the unnecessary schedule stress that the project was exposed to. Although the decision made sense in the way that only one integrated system would be there with the entire responsibility on the DIA authorities, the timing of the decision was not proper. This led to a delay in start of the integration project. They got two years less time to finish it. The significant point that the airports Project Management team failed to see was that the change in technology required an analogous change in the organizational accountabilities. The failure to identify that change signifies a planning failure that happened during the start of the project. Overall, the mistake made was a failure to associate the airports overall business strategy (the aim of having one of the worlds most competent airports) with the sub-strategy of building the baggage system. Key Decision 2 The decision to continue What is even more surprising is that in spite of knowing that there was insufficient time, both DIAs Project Management team and BAE wanted to go ahead with the full-scale project. Before entering into the BAE contract, there were at least three clear suggestions that the project was not feasible in two years time: Breier Neidle Patrone Associates report clearly showed that the complexity was too much for the system to be built efficaciously. The three bids received pointed out that none of the vendors could have developed the system in time before the opening date. Munich Airport warned that a much simpler version made for them took about two years to be built and around another 6 months to get rid of the bugs. BAE initially did not choose to bid for the project, but the Chief Engineer of DIA directly talked with them and managed to convince them by stating the amount of prestige that was involved with such a large scale project. Many from inside the BAE raised their concern regarding the complexity of the system to be developed and the lack of time. But all the expert advice was ignored and they went ahead with the project with a development time of 2 years. Many factors may have led them into that trap and likely issues that may have influenced the decision making. Other than the Chief Engineers perspective and BAEs interests there were other factors or beliefs which made the whole project start. Both sides would have acknowledged that they were working within a constricted timeframe and the pressure to move rapidly might have caused them to put due-diligence to one side. The inherent belief that such a large airport would not function effectively without an automated system. As a matter of fact, the airport is functioning effectively with a manual system in place. Key Decision 3 The timeline, budget and scope Deciding on the timeline, budget and scope of the project is a critical issue and even more critical is committing on them to your customer. BAE did exactly that to the DIAs project management team. The decision to give a firm promise to scope, schedule and budget transmitted substantial risk onto BAEs shoulders. This clearly shows that the top management of BAE was not at all aware of the amount of risk that they were handling. BAE and the DIAs Project Management team made an additional mistake during the consultations. They excluded the airlines (who were key stakeholders) from the negotiations. Excluding stakeholders from discussions of key project decisions is always a trailing strategy. Key Decision 4 Acknowledgement of the alteration requests BAE and DIAs Project management team could not escape from the stakeholders pressures. Although they decided during negotiations that no change requests would be entertained, they had to accept them as the pressure was on them to meet the stakeholder needs. The stakeholders in this case being the airlines, which they ignored during the original negotiations. Some of these requests forced them to make significant changes in portions where they thought work was already completed. Incorporating these changes had other troubling repercussions. They failed to realize the effect these changes might have and how they would increase the complexity of the whole system. Although some people thought about the effects, their voices did not seem to have reached the higher decision making authorities. There was big communication disarray. Key Decision 5 Treading an alternate path A public demonstration of the project was given to the press sometime in 1994 and it was a major embarrassment. It exposed all the flaws of the project and the Mayor immediately ordered for an external consultant to be hired. Mattias Franz of Logplan Consulting of Germany was asked to look into the matter  [3]  . Based on his report, the Mayor scraped the project and ordered for the building of a manual trolley system at an additional expenditure of about $50M USD  [4]  . Although the Mayor took a very intelligent decision, it revealed another major flaw with the project. By the time the Mayor took action, the project was already 6 months behind schedule and had missed a number of opening dates. The missed opening dates and the tragic demo indicate that those at the top echelon actually had almost no clue about the true status of the project. A project of such size and complexity should always have an external consultant or expert looking after it throughout the whole developmental and implementation phase. Some other failure facts While the inefficient estimation of complexity, absence of planning, fruitless communications and lowly management oversight drove the catastrophe, the project underwent many other difficulties that multiplied the problems. Some of those issues were inevitable, but others were most probably a consequence of the time crunch the project was facing. Among the additional issues that impacted the project; Failure of Risk Management Throughout its developmental and implementation phases the project faced a number of technical problems for which they had not accounted for. These things aggravated their already haphazard situation. Such problems were likely foreseeable had the team a little bit more attentive on risk management activities. Again possibly as a result of the time crunch under which they were working, suitable risk management tactics seem not to have been developed. Change in Leadership In 1992 The Chief Engineer died. He was the systems de facto guarantor and his death left the project deprived of much required leadership. According to reports, his interim replacement lacked the in-depth engineering knowledge essential to understand the system. The replacement manager also had to take care of his previous duties and it stretched him to the limits. Issues with Architecture and Design A number of reports specify that the there was an inherent problem with the design that was chosen. It was unnecessarily complicated and prone to bugs. Some of the issues were: There were more than 100 individual PCs in the system. They were all networked together. If any one of the PC failed, there could have been an outage, as there was no automatic backup taken of the data. As the nature of the design recommended a distributed structure, (with PCs scattered around the different areas), it added to the trouble of solving problems when they came up, The worst thing about the system was its inability to detect jams. So, whenever a jam occurred, it kept piling on more and more baggage and thereby worsening it. Again time crunch could have been a reason for the design problems. In such a situation people settle for the first design or solution they can think of. That is exactly what would likely have happened. In addition time crunch often forces teams to concentrate on the happy path design without spending time on devising strategies to counter the problem or make the system fault tolerant. Conclusion The DIA catastrophe is a prototype for failure a lot of other IT implementation projects have followed. As with so many other failures, DIA suffered from; The inefficient estimation of complexity An absence of proper planning resulting in consequent alterations in strategy Extreme schedule pressure Absence of due diligence Committing to public and customer in the face of enormous risks and uncertainty Inefficient management of stakeholders Communication gaps and collapses Design not failsafe Inefficient risk management Failure to understand the repercussions of change requests Absence of management oversight While the above facts denote contributors to the letdown, there is one single problem that existed in the center of it all. For a project to be successful people need to make effective decisions and that requires a number of elements. The main two elements are expertise and knowledge. None of the teams involved in developing the DIAs baggage handling system had prior experience of a developing and implementing system of this magnitude. That lack of knowledge, along with the fact that advice from experts was habitually ignored, is the epicenter of the fiasco. The original planning decisions i.e. to go ahead with a single airport wide integrated system (in spite of being too late to do so) and the firms votive commitments to scope, timeline and budget all represented decisions that were made by people who did not possess the required knowledge. The miscalculations resulting from those choices were the sparks that kindled the fire. Often we have to face situations which we have never faced before and do not know how to proceed without risks. The success or failure of such a situation depends on the way we react to it. The step should ideally be recognizing the situation and its nitty-gritties, but the whole DIA project management team and BAE managers failed to do so. Had they acknowledged their absence of knowledge and the ambiguity they were facing, measures could have been taken to reduce the uncertainty. One of them could have been taking suggestions from experts who had some kind of previous experience in that kind of projects. The cheerful side of the story is that in Feb 1995 DIA did ultimately open and in spite of using a large manual trolley based system, proved to be a great success  [5]  . The apprehensions of a manual system being too slow for and airport like DIA and would result in increase in the turnaround time of the aircrafts, was never proved.

Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.Com: Fought Since The Explosion

Barnes & Noble and Amazon. com had been in constant fight between each other since the explosion of online purchasing. Before the mid 1990’s online purchasing introduction, Barnes & Noble had big dominance in bookselling, as it was the largest bookstore in the world. With the entrance to the book market by Amazon. com, Barnes & Noble found a big competitor, as it represented a new and innovative way of purchasing a book. Making a financial analysis on both companies, we could notice certain differences that mark advantages for both sides.The financial study was done in a span of 4 years of operation for Barnes & Noble (1992-1996) and 6 years of operation for Amazon. com (1995-2001). Given numbers can be seen in Exhibit 1 and 2 for both companies. Now, with both financial reports, we can create many conclusions about both enterprises. First of all, we will talk about the increase in revenues that both experienced throughout their years. Barnes & Noble Amazon. com Now, taking in to consideration Barnes & Noble’s chart, we can see that there is a constant growth in revenues from year to year.The average growth from year to year was of 22. 52% in the four year analysis. This is an important factor as we can notice that the company’s sales were always increasing and that the growth rate would not fluctuate throughout the years. Regarding Amazon. com’s chart, we can see that there is a huge exponential growth. On the first years of operations, Amazon suffered of a big growth in sales, having almost 3000% more sales from 1995 to 1996. Now it is important to notice how the rate lowered throughout the years to reach a 31. 50% from 2000 to 2001. We can see a huge growth in the first years because Amazon. om was something new to people as online bookselling wasn’t that famous. As people settled to the idea and competitors like Barnes & Noble adjusted to this change, sales growth went down to a normal growth rate, which in average was stil l higher than that of Barnes & Noble. With the information, we can also see that Barnes & Noble achieved a higher net income than Amazon. com in the 1990’s. It is obvious that this was due to the fact that the first mentioned company had already been running for many years and that already had a fair amount of costumers, while Amazon. om was a new company trying to be known in the bookselling universe. The following charts show the information on net income for both companies in their respective periods. Barnes & Noble Amazon. com We can notice that even when both companies had years in which they suffered big losses in income, they achieved to finish the period with a positive net income. It is also interesting to see how both net incomes grow throughout their respective periods, being Amazon the company with the steadiest growth rate.What we can get from the net income analysis, is that even when Amazon had a slow start due to the introduction of a new purchasing method, wh ich almost always comes with some uncertainty from the customers, it has managed to increase its income throughout the years to the point in which it has catched up with Barnes & Noble, it’s main competitor. Now, in order to know how Amazon has achieved such a growth in net income throughout the years, we have to review the ratios as percentage of sales for both companies. Barnes & Noble Amazon. comWhen analyzing both charts, we have to take into consideration that both companies experienced a growth on net income. We can see that both cost structures are mostly similar, with the exception that Barnes & Noble has to deal with infrastructure depreciation. Now, leaving aside the cost structure, let’s pay close attention to the percentages throughout the years. Both companies experience a decrease on the percentages of sales on all their structure, which is really important when expecting an income growth, but it is really impressive how big is Amazon’s decrease.Th ey were able to mitigate every part of their cost structure in the analyzed period, which is reflected on the percentage of income out of sales that they have. Take for example the cost of sales. While Barnes & Noble managed to decrease that cost in only 1% from the first to the last analyzed year, Amazon was able to decrease it in almost 5%. Thus, income percentages are also very different, having Barnes & Noble with a 2% at the end of the period while Amazon had a big 7% at the end of the period.So, in conclusion we can see that the struggle between these two companies is still even and could balance to any side. Making a future prediction based on the numbers that were presented, we can assume that Barnes & Noble’s revenues will remain on the same growth rate throughout the years while Amazon’s will stabilize on a certain rate and continue on it. We can also see that Barnes & Noble can still change their cost structure, as Amazon did, in order to achieve much higher and more regular net incomes throughout the years.It isn’t very healthy for the company that one year they have a high net income and the next one is a big loss, as the operations are affected by it. Both financial structures will be affected by the advantages and disadvantages of online vs. traditional bookselling. In recent years, online selling has become more and more popular worldwide as people regard it as a faster, cheaper and easier way to buy the books they want. This could be reflected in higher revenues for companies such as Amazon. com and a net income decrease on the big bookstores such as Barnes & Nobles. Barnes & Noble (Exhibit 1) Amazon. com (Exhibit 2)

Dangling Wires and Meatworks Poetry Essay

Through the medium of poetry, composers are able to powerfully convey ideas and express personal opinions of the world around them. Robert Gray, an Australian poet who is known for his effective use of visual imagery, clearly evokes ideas and express personal concerns of ‘Global warming’ ‘sacrafice’ His incorporation of explicit language techniques, such as diction further accentuates his perspective towards the world around us. Flames, Dangling wires and Meatworks are a great examples of how Gray uses language devices to powerfully voice his opinions. Gray is a poet with many opinions and ideas to express, he effectively puts these ideas through poetry. One of Grays many influential poems Flames, dangling wires is a great example of how he conveys his ideas and opinions in his poetry. Flames, dangling wires is a poem about a filthy dump tip that is always burning in front of a city. Gray describes the dump as a cause of our actions. In this poem Gray has effectively uses sensory imagery. â€Å"The smell is huge, blasting the mouth dry† A technique used in this text is sensory imagery which triggers our taste buds. The word blasting is the most noticeable word in this text, blasting is an uncommon word to describe a smell, it is unexpected. Gray is trying to say that there are no words to describe the smell, Gray’s intentions on using the word blasting is to disgust us and so that we understand more clearly on the situation. Throughout the poem gray is describing in detail how sickening the dump tip is, as we reach the end of them poem Gray discuses about the consequences from our actions. â€Å"This is how it shall be after the men have gone. † He is saying that the mess we make is not going away and that it is stuck with us forever. Gray is known for a lot of poems, his poems talk about danger, global warming, and in this case doing what it takes to provide for loved ones, Meatworks. Meatworks is a poem about a hardworking man and his wife moving to a place but they are tight on money but in order too keep his place he is forced to work in an abattoir, but doesn’t seem to enjoy it. In this poem Gray repeatedly and effectively describes the environment he’s in by using techniques such sensory imagery â€Å"Where concrete gutters crawled off heavily, and the hot, fertilizer thick, sticky stench of blood sent flies mad† . This ext has many techniques in it, the most effective technique used in this text is sensory imagery, Gray has effectively applied this technique in the line â€Å"The hot, fertilizer thick, sticky stench of blood sent flies mad† this sensory imagery immediately disgust us, planting a disturbing image in our heads. Flies are known to be around rotten food so when Gray added â€Å"sent flies mad† we have an idea of the imagery and can sort of imagine the smell. The text makes the audience understand that the abattoir is not a pleasant place to work at, and really demonstrates the sacrifice the man is giving to provide for his family. Gray is making us understand the sacrifice some people make everyday to provide for their loved ones. To conclude with, it is without doubt that Robert Gray clearly evokes his opinions and ideas on the world around him through his poetry. Opinions including social decline and global warming issues and that he effectively uses imagery in his poems Flames, dangling wire and Meatworks. It is also evident that gray brings issues concerning society and that what we do will eventually catch on to us.

The Birth of a Nation essays

The Birth of a Nation essays The Birth of a Nation: Does the Portrayal of the Ku Klux Klan In this controversial 1915 film compare to documented history of the organization? D.W. Griffith was raised in South Carolina by his father who was an ex-confederate soldier. Griffith was raised to believe that fathers views on the superiority white race and the strength of the Confederacy were the natural and correct beliefs. And, when his father joined the Ku Klux Klan, the young boy was introduced to a magnified degree of racism and white supremacy. However, he was blinded from the reality of the situation. When Griffith created the film, Birth of a Nation, he based it on a glorified version of the KKK and their attempt to preserve the peace of the Confederacy, but fails to show the horrors created by the organization during their crusade. In the film, Birth of a Nation, it is explained how when the blacks are given a right to vote, and an election for a senator takes place. A power-hungry mulatto man was elected. The Clan agreed that he had triggered the fermentation of their peaceful state. They believed the blacks were electing leaders who were destroying the Confederacy. In order to prevent the blacks from voting for the Radical Republican Candidates, the Klansmen lingered around the voting booths in atop their horses and in costume to intimidate the black voters. In reality, not only did the Klan use their presence to frighten the blacks from voting, they also used violence. In some cases, the Klan proved their seriousness by murdering important leaders of the black community and members of the Radical Republic Government. In the film, the Klans violent action was under-exaggerated in order to withhold the dignity of the Klan for those who did not believe such actions were justified. At another point of the film, the Mulatto Senator passed a bill that legalized the relationships between blacks and whites. After ...

When Is Military Force Justified

When Is Military Force Justified Too Much, Too Often – the Giant Military State We Live In It’s a sad fact that this beautiful, magical world has become a military state. We just hear about it so much these days due to social media and the Internet. Because of greedy, immoral people, the assumed solution to today’s many problems, especially between countries, is war – killing, genocide, torture, violence, and suffering. It’s frightening how often a country relies on military force to defend its country’s major multi-billion dollar enterprises – like ones refining crude oil, and mining other valuable entities such as metals and gemstones. MLA ESSAY EXAMPLE WAR AS SEEN THROUGH THE MEDIA War as an Assumed Solution to Today’s Many Problems When exactly is military force justified? Is it ever justified? The answer lies, of course, in the eyes of the beholder. But when one considers the tumultuousness nature of today’s world, they eventually come to the realization that, yes, military force is often justified. The important question, however, is when it’s justified. Before answering this question and arguing for when exactly military force is justified, it’s important to consider what comprises â€Å"military force.†   It is when a country’s military, also known as its armed forces, has no other choice but to use deadly force and weapons to support the interest of the state and of its citizens – its main function. This means casting fire on the enemy, dropping bombs from planes, detonating nuclear warheads, even resorting to biological warfare. Military Force Is Justified When There Is an Impending Threat to One’s Borders So, when is military force justified? For one, when there is an impending threat to one’s borders. If a country is on the verge of being invaded, it has the right to use military force. When a country’s citizens are on the brink of being slaughtered, the country as a whole should be able to resort to military force. It comes down to defending one’s way of life, not lying down and dying. Fighting for one’s borders, freedom, safety, and happiness is surely one reason to use violence and weaponry as a means for peace, though it does sound like a contradiction. In World War II, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor – and rather than doing nothing, which would assuredly invite similar attacks and possible invasion, America went to war against the Axis Powers. The country came together and stood up for its right to freedom and happiness; it meant that no country would attack America and get away with it. This is one prime example of when military force is ju stified. Secondly, military force is also justified when a larger, wealthier and more powerful country or group of countries threatens invasion, invades or attacks a less powerful country. For example, in 2008, Russia attacked the former Soviet Republic Georgia. It was the typical David vs. Goliath scenario. Russia accused Georgia of foul play against the autonomous republic to the south, and sent in troops to negotiate â€Å"peace.† Instead, Russia got whatever it wanted, a buffer zone between Russia and the Middle East, in turn bullying the small country into submission. Military force was not justified on the part of Russia, but Georgian military forces surely had the right to defend its motherland. And Georgia was not a NATO country, like Turkey, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and many other countries with powerful armies that could have used military force to defend the weaker, less powerful and wealthy country of Georgia. This is a classic case of how military forc e should be enacted when it’s justified. A big, powerful country was bullying a small country that could not defend itself; therefore, it had the right to resort to military force. To conclude, military force is, unfortunately, a reality in today’s world. But the lines of what â€Å"justifies† it are quite blurry. What is wrong in one country’s eyes are righteous in another’s. That is the tragedy of our times. But as long as there is good in the world, as long as there are countries like the United States, France, Ukraine and Germany and others that stand for peace and Democracy, good will prevail over evil. Though not without too much bloodshed and hatred along the way. We can only hope and plan for the world with no war, though it is quite unlikely to happen anytime soon. We can be sure of that fact.

Halloween (1978) Movie analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Halloween (1978) Movie analysis - Assignment Example l prove that the director deliberately depersonalized the antagonist to make him for frightening as well as designed mise in scene in a way that the viewer would know that something is missing and anticipate the danger. To begin with, one might note that when Laurie entered the room, she wanted to close the window. There was no particular reason to do so, other than some subconscious fear of Michael whom she recently saw. However, after she noticed that he was standing in her backyard, she immediately closed the window for a particular reason which is not to let him in. If one carefully analyzes the way she performed the action in question, one will be able to see that she was quite desperate and vulnerable. Indeed, a woman with her constitution can hardly oppose a man who is taller and stronger than her. Later in the movie she is shown fighting him and Laurie is able to overcome only due to some lucky hits that she makes. By far, the part when she noticed a strange figure in the backyard should be seen as a rather frightening one: the mask that he is wearing contributes to demonalization of the character. There are several explanations for it. On the one hand, when one looks at the backyard, one does not expect to see something extraordinary. That is why a presence of an unknown man in the very middle of it seems to be a real shock to her. Indeed, Michael is positioned on the front frame and occupies the majority of the space. In addition to that mask makes him look like the villain of the movie and becomes a symbol of taking away his humanity. That is why this particular image make Michael so frightening. One of the first impressions that the scene in the bedroom has on the viewer is the emptiness of the room. In spite of the fact that it looks as an ordinary room, mise en scene is organized in such a way that the audience understanding that something is clearly missing. Keeping in mind that Laurie saw Michael several times before walking into the house, it is

Millennium Development Goals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Millennium Development Goals - Assignment Example Primary education will help the development of countries because it helps develop and improve the essential human learning and life skills which are necessary for gainful employment and productivity, which on the other hand are important for economic progress (Bruns, Mingat and Rakotomalala 2). This goal is still significant for developed countries because while most of the children in the urban areas are already given primary education, those in the rural or remote places many not have the same opportunity. Furthermore, the more educated people there are in other countries, the more the global economy improves, which affects all countries of the world whether they be underdeveloped, developing or developed. Part 2- How successful are we globally in meeting this goal? What are the victories or concerns laid out in the discussion provided on the website? What statistics or evidence do they use to support these conclusions? Based on the facts given by UNDP, the pace of progress is insufficient since in 2009 not all boys and girls are in primary schooling, as evidenced by data on the sub-Saharan African countries alone, where at least one of four children are not enrolled in 2008 (United Nations Development Programme , par 3). The concerns presented are the high drop-out rates among the children, that is, in the sub-Saharan Africa, more than 30 per cent of the children drop out before reaching a final grade (United Nations Development Programme , par 4). Another major concern is the lack of teachers and classrooms (United Nations Development Programme , par 5). Part 3- Discuss the data that you have been reviewing. What sorts of measures are they recording? How does this tie into the goal? What do the overall trends suggest? How does this compare to the conclusions discussed in part 2 of your homework? The measures that they

US History before 1877, Development of Erie Canal Research Paper

US History before 1877, Development of Erie Canal - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss US history before 1877, with special focus on the â€Å"Development of Erie Canal†.The main points which this paper is going to cover are the historical perspective of the canal, construction of the canal, improvements in the plan and the financial implications of the canal project. The time era under discussion is between 1807 to 1825. Historical Perspective During the period between the late 18th and early 19th century the USA started to plan and develop the system of transportation throughout the country with special focus on the interiors areas and outside the localities from Appalachian mountainous regions. The main focus was on the linkage between Erie Lake and other big lakes in the coast of Atlantic by making canals. Initially a large number of survey and plans were laid out for the construction of the canal but most of them were not feasible and were rejected. The final plan was based on the survey which was carried out in 1816. Based on this s urvey the route of the canal was established. According to the plan the canal was expected to connect to the New York port at the river of Hudson close to Troy in the New York City. From Troy the flow of the canal would be towards Rome in New York. Finally it would reach to Buffalo (on the northeastern coast of Erie Lake) by passing through Syracuse and Rochester [1]. 1. Matt Rosenberg (2010), Erie  Canal, The Building of the Great Western Canal. Online accession at About.com Guide (Accessed February 12th, 2011). After the development of the route plan of the Erie Canal the major issue was the arrangement of finances for the project. A bill was initially approved by the US congress for the provision of funding for the project then named as â€Å"The Great Western Canal†. The idea was found unconstitutional by The President of time J. Monroe and he vetoed it. The matter was then directly taken by the state legislature. The legislature, after extensive examination of the plan , approved for the funding of the Erie Canal project in the year 1816 with the condition that the tolls would be paid back to the government after the completion of the project. The city Mayor of New York was the chief supporter of the canal project and helped a lot for the construction and completion of the task. Fortunately he became the governor of the state in the year 1817 and was thus able to supervise the details of the plan [1]. Construction of Canal The formal construction of the canal named â€Å"Erie canal† began on 4th July, 1817. According to the plan the initial first segment was to be proceeded from the eastern side of Rome towards the river Hudson. Most of the constructors of the canal were the rich farmers who resided along the route of the canal. They were contracted to make the small portions of the project which came along their way. A large number of immigrants from Great Brittan, Germany and Ire Land supported the construction of canal in terms of manpow er [2]. 1. Matt Rosenberg (2010), Erie  Canal, The Building of the Great Western Canal. Online accession at About.com Guide (Accessed February 12th, 2011) 2. Christopher. M (2008).  "Hints of Comeback for Nation's First Superhighway".  The New York Times. (Accessed February 12th, 2011). The portions of canal were to be dug with the help of horses and shovels. At time modern earth moving specialized equipment were not available so the construction of such plans was a tedious job. The labor cost was about 85 cents to 100 cents per day. This was a heavy amount since it was about three times the pay which a laborer earned during that time. The initial 24 kilometer of the canal - from Rome to Utica - were formally opened around the year 1819. The rate of construction was visibly slow; at the speed during that time, the canal

The Worlds best ever performance Essay Example for Free

The Worlds best ever performance Essay When he got back to London he calmed himself and traveled back to Glasgow the next morning. Here he waited until Sven phoned him and announced the date of the next England match. He also told Douglas that the player who shouted at him was drunk and didnt know what he was saying.  Weeks later Douglas next match was only a few days away. He was hardened by his abuse and even more determined to play well in this match. When he finally jogged out onto the pitch the mixture of cheers and boos pumped him up to his best performance. On the pitch, Douglas was everywhere but as the match continued it became much like the next. He only got the ball when he managed to intercept his own teams pass and in his state of determination he knocked over an opposing player who was trying to tackle him. He was given a yellow card. The opposing team took a free kick. After the match Douglas headed out of the back entrance of the ground hoping to avoid angry hooligans but there were still plenty there, what he thought looked like thousands of people.  They were shouting comments, You Scottish pillock We hate you You suck Youre rubbish Were not goin to listen to your excuses even wit your crappy Scottish accent. The people shouted, Who do you think you are playing for us?  Later that day Douglas went into negotiations with the British Football Association. He wanted to know what they were going to do about the hooligans and players giving him abuse. He was very angry. What he was told by the BFA wasnt a great help either. They had agreed in a unanimous decision that Douglas should leave the team. They told him that it was because during his first two games he hadnt contributed to the final result. They told him he had hindered the team. At this comment Douglas went crazy, he tipped up his desk and rushed from the building so fast that a glass fell from another table.  During the next year of qualifying for the Europeans, England had numerous injuries. Some of the better known players were out, including Beckham, Owen and Cole. England needed some good new players. With only one week to go before the Europeans began the BFA phoned Douglas and said, We need your help Doug. It was Sven. Yu du? Realli. I wuldn hve guessed tha. Said Douglas, who was still hurt about his first two matches for England.  Douglas spent about half the weeks discussing terms and when it was finally settled he was flown down to London in a private Leah Jet.  He arrived in the stadium and boldly walked through a mass of confused supporters. They had not expected to see him back and had not been told by the press. Douglas was very confident and had a very good feeling about this game. The whistle blew and the game began. England played solidly and Poland, whom they had beaten in the first round of qualifying, did as well. However, the final score was England seventeen, Poland nil. Out of the seventeen goals scored Douglas had scored fifteen. This was the most goals scored at International level by any one player in any one match. It was a new World Record.  After this match, Douglas watched The News something which he had refused to do ever since his earlier experience for England. The same reporter as that time said in a bewildered voice, The Worlds best ever performance by a truly outstanding player. The other reporter then said, Yes it was. Literally. That match will be played on international television for centuries to come. Compared to the Scots last two England games it was more than jus beating a World record it was like beating twenty. This will open so many doors for McDonald and its a good present for his twenty-forth Birthday last week.  AS Douglas grew older he wrote a book on his experiences and discrimination. It became a best-seller and now hes a World record holder in Football and Literacy.